Origin of Christmas——圣誕由來

　　The name Christmas is short for "Christ's Mass". A Mass is a kind of Church service. Christmas is a religious festival. It is the day we celebrate as the birthday of Jesus.

　　There are special Christmas services in Christian churches all over the world. But many of the festivities of Christmas do not have anything to do with religion. Exchanging gifts and sending Christmas cards are the modern ways of celebrating the Christmas in the world.

　　The birth of Jesus had a story: In Nazareth, a city of Galilee. The virgin's name was Mary was betrothed to Joseph. Before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Spirit. Joseph her husband was minded to put her away secretly. While he thought about these things, Gabriel, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him did not be afraid to take Mary as wife. And Mary will bring forth a Son, and he shall call his name, Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.

　　Before Jesus births, Joseph and Mary came to Quintus was governing Syria. So all went to be registered, everyone to his own city. Joseph also went up out of Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and of the lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child. So it was that while they were there, the days were completed for her to be delivered. And she brought forth her firstborn Son, and wrapped him in swaddling cloths, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.　　And that, Christmas is the feast of the nativity of Jesus, is on 25th, December every year. But nobody know the actual birthday of Jesus. And the Christmas has become popular when Christmas cards appeared in 1846 and the concept of a jolly Santa Claus was first made popular in nineteenth Century.

　　“圣誕節(jié)”這個(gè)名稱是“基督彌撒”的縮寫。彌撒是教會(huì)的一種禮拜儀式。耶誕節(jié)是一個(gè)宗節(jié)我們把它當(dāng)作耶蘇的誕辰來慶祝，因而又名耶誕節(jié)。這一天，世界所有的基督教會(huì)都舉行特別的禮拜儀式。但是有很多圣誕節(jié)的歡慶活動(dòng)和宗教并無半點(diǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)。交換禮物，寄圣誕卡，這都使圣誕節(jié)成為一個(gè)普天同慶的日子。

　　圣誕節(jié)是基督教世界最大的節(jié)日。4世紀(jì)初，1月6日是羅馬帝國東部各教會(huì)紀(jì)念那穌降生和受洗的雙重節(jié)日、稱為“主顯節(jié)”Epiphany，亦稱“顯現(xiàn)節(jié)”即上帝通過那穌向世人顯示自己。當(dāng)時(shí)只有那路拉冷的教會(huì)例外，那里只紀(jì)念耶穌的誕生而不紀(jì)念那穌的受洗。后來歷史學(xué)家們在羅馬基督徒習(xí)用的日歷中發(fā)現(xiàn)公元354年12月25日頁內(nèi)記錄著：“基督降生在猶大的伯利恒。”經(jīng)過研究，一般認(rèn)為12月25日伴為圣誕節(jié)可能開始于公元336年的羅馬教會(huì)）約在公元375年傳到小亞細(xì)亞的安提阿，公元430年傳到埃及的亞歷山大里亞，那路撒冷的教會(huì)接受得最晚，而亞美尼亞的教會(huì)則仍然堅(jiān)持1月6日主顯節(jié)是那穌的誕辰。

　　12月25日原來是波斯太陽神（即光明之神）密特拉（Mithra）的誕辰，是一個(gè)異教徒節(jié)日，同時(shí)太陽神也是羅馬國教眾神之一。這一天又是羅馬歷書的冬至節(jié)，崇拜太陽神的異教徒都把這一天當(dāng)作春天的希望，萬物復(fù)蘇的開始�？赡苡捎谶@個(gè)原因，羅馬教會(huì)才選擇這一天作為圣誕節(jié)。這是教會(huì)初期力圖把異教徒的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣基督教化的措施之一。

　　后來，雖然大多數(shù)教會(huì)都接受12月25日為圣誕節(jié)，但又固各地教會(huì)使用的歷書不同，具體日期不能統(tǒng)一，于是就把12月24日到第二年的1月6日定為圣誕節(jié)節(jié)期（Christmas Tide），各地教會(huì)可以根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)鼐唧w情況在這段節(jié)期之內(nèi)慶祝圣誕節(jié)。自從12月25日被大多數(shù)教會(huì)公認(rèn)為圣誕節(jié)后，原來1月6日的主顯節(jié)就只紀(jì)念耶穌受洗了，但天主教會(huì)又把1月6日定為“三王來朝節(jié)”，以紀(jì)念耶穌生時(shí)東方三王（即三位博士）來朝拜的故事。隨著基督教的廣泛傳播，圣誕節(jié)已成為各教派基督徒，甚至廣大非基督徒群眾的一個(gè)重要節(jié)日。在歐美許多國家里，人們非常重視這個(gè)節(jié)日，把它和新年連在一起，而慶祝活動(dòng)之熱鬧與隆重大大超過了新年，成為一個(gè)全民的節(jié)日。12月25日的主要紀(jì)念活動(dòng)都與那穌降生的傳說有關(guān)。

　　耶蘇的出生是有一段故事的，耶蘇是因著圣靈成孕，由童女馬利亞所生的。神更派遣使者加伯列在夢中曉諭約瑟，叫他不要因?yàn)轳R利亞未婚懷孕而不要她，反而要與她成親，把那孩子起名為“耶蘇”，意思是要他把百姓從罪惡中救出來。

　　當(dāng)馬利亞快要臨盆的時(shí)候，羅馬政府下了命令，全部人民到伯利恒務(wù)必申報(bào)戶籍。約瑟和馬利亞只好遵命。他們到達(dá)伯利恒時(shí)，天色已昏，無奈兩人未能找到旅館渡宿，只有一個(gè)馬棚可以暫住。就在這時(shí)，耶蘇要出生了！於是馬利亞唯有在馬槽上，生下耶蘇。后人為紀(jì)念耶蘇的誕生，便定十二月二十五為圣誕節(jié)，年年望彌撒，紀(jì)念耶蘇的出世。

　　圣誕節(jié)便是於十二月二十五日紀(jì)念耶蘇的誕生，但真實(shí)的誕生日就沒有人知道了。十九世紀(jì)，圣誕卡的流行、圣誕老人的出現(xiàn)，圣誕節(jié)也開始流行起來了。

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