一、普通類從屬連詞
引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的普通類從屬連詞有when（當(dāng)……時(shí)），while（在……期間），as（當(dāng)……，一邊……一邊……），before（在……之前），after（在……之后），since（從……以來(lái)），till/until（直到），whenever（無(wú)論何時(shí)），as soon as（一……就）等。如：
When I went into the classroom, he was reading. 當(dāng)我走進(jìn)教室時(shí)，他正在看書。
He read a newspaper as he went along. 他邊走邊看報(bào)紙。
We must strike while the iron is hot. 我們必須趁熱打鐵。
I will tell you after they leave. 于他們走后我再告訴你。
I told him to come back whenever he wants to. 我告訴他什么時(shí)候想回來(lái)就回來(lái)。
I waited till/until she was back. 我一直等到她回來(lái)(from www.yygrammar.com)。
Once time is gone, you will never get it back. 時(shí)間一旦失去就再也得不到了
注意：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，不能用一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)，而要用相應(yīng)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來(lái)代替。如：
I’ll telephone you as soon as I get there. 我一到達(dá)那里就打電話給你。
She said she would phone me as soon as she got there. 她說(shuō)她一到達(dá)那里就給我電話。
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 等車停穩(wěn)后才下車。
二、含 time的短語(yǔ)
可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的 time 短語(yǔ)有every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等。如：
Every time I listen to music, I’ll think of it. 每當(dāng)我聽(tīng)音樂(lè)，我就想起這事。
He didn’t tell me anything the last time I saw him. 上次我見(jiàn)到他時(shí)他什么也沒(méi)告訴我。
Each time she moved her head she let out a moan. 她每轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一下頭，就發(fā)出一聲呻吟。
三、表示“一……就……”
除as soon as外，還有三類：名詞型——the moment, the minute, the second, the instant；副詞型——immediately, directly, instantly；句式型——no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…。如：
The moment I saw him I knew that there was no hope. 我一看到他，就知道沒(méi)有希望了。
I came immediately you called. 你一來(lái)電話我就來(lái)了。
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 我一到家就下起雨來(lái)了。
如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
四、對(duì)before從句的理解
before的本意為“在……之前”，根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境還可理解為“還沒(méi)來(lái)得及/還沒(méi)有……就……，趁著還沒(méi)……就……，不知不覺(jué)就……，……才……”等。如：
I had not sat long before he came back. 我沒(méi)坐多久他就回來(lái)了。
He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他幾乎把我撞倒才看到我。
Before I could get in a word, he measured me. 我還來(lái)得及插話，他就給我量好了尺寸。
I’ll water the flowers before it gets dark. 我要趁著天還沒(méi)黑把花澆好水。
Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做學(xué)生，后做先生。
Time passed quickly and three months went by before she knew it. 時(shí)間過(guò)得飛快，她不知不覺(jué)就在那里度過(guò)了三個(gè)月。
I will die before I will betray my country. 我寧可死也不會(huì)背叛我的國(guó)家。
五、對(duì)since從句的理解
1. since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性動(dòng)詞照字面意思理解。如：
I’ve been feeling down since I lost my job. 自從失去工作后,我的情緒一直處于低潮。
2. since從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，且為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)，仍然按字面意思理解。如：
She has never come to see me since I have lived in the city. 自從我住到城里，她就一直不來(lái)看我。
3. since從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，且為一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)，按與字面意思相反的意思理解。如：
I have made great progress since I was ill. 我自病愈以來(lái)取得了很大的進(jìn)步。
4. since前有ever，或從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be且后接表示人成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中的某個(gè)階段或年齡的名詞、形容詞時(shí)，仍然按字面意思理解。如：
I have lived here ever since I was a child. 我從還是個(gè)孩子時(shí)就一直住在這兒。
六、對(duì)till/until從句的理解
1. 主句為肯定式，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，且該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到 until / till 從句所表示的時(shí)間為止，可譯作“（直）到……”。如：
He waited until/till I returned. 他一直等到我回來(lái)。
2. 主句為否定式（包括含 no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little 等否定詞的肯定句），若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作在 until / till 從句表示的時(shí)間開(kāi)始發(fā)生。一般先譯從句“直到……”，后譯主句，not 譯成“才”，即“直到……才……”。如：
His mother didn’t leave until/till he was asleep. 直到他睡著了，他母親才離開(kāi)。
Nobody can leave until/till the meeting is over. 直到散會(huì)才能離開(kāi)。
3. 主句為否定式，若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則須根據(jù)上下文去理解until/till從句的含義，一般譯為“直到……才……”或“沒(méi)有到……”。如：
He didn’t wait until/till I returned. 他沒(méi)有等到我回來(lái)。
She didn’t sleep until/till I returned. 她直到我回來(lái)才睡著。
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