來源:學(xué)而思奧數(shù)網(wǎng) 作者:E度小編 2010-05-20 15:44:55
一、外研版教材初二年級(jí)上冊(cè)知識(shí)匯總
各單元語法點(diǎn)列表:
Module 1表示建議的句型
Module 2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)
Module 3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中副詞already, yet, just 等的應(yīng)用
Module 4現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中for, since 的應(yīng)用
Module 5學(xué)習(xí)反義疑問句
Module 6過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)
Module 1感官動(dòng)詞的學(xué)習(xí)
Module 8 表示方位的介詞的學(xué)習(xí)
Module 9動(dòng)詞不定式的學(xué)習(xí)
Module 10對(duì)可以接不定式的動(dòng)詞的學(xué)習(xí)
Module 11表示可能性的副詞may, might, probably等的學(xué)習(xí)
Module 12對(duì)表示猜測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, mustn't, can, can't 等的掌握。
語法點(diǎn)撥:
表示建議的句型
◆其后接動(dòng)詞原形的句型
Let's …, shall we?
Why not do sth?
Don't do sth
You'd better do sth
Shall I/we do sth?
You'd better not do sth
Why don't you do sth?
We should / can do sth.
◆其后接不定式的句型
It's a good idea to do sth.
Would you like to do sth?
Try to do sth.
Remember to do sth.
Don't forget to do sth.
.
◆其后接動(dòng)名詞的句型
How/ What about doing sth?
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法:
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)過去發(fā)生并結(jié)束的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果和影響。這一類情況可以分為下面兩種情況:
◆表示過去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常和recently, just, now, already, yet, not…yet等連用。如:
Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明剛剛把燈關(guān)上。 (說明現(xiàn)在燈關(guān)上了)
I've finished my homework now. 現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。(說明可以交作業(yè)或做別的了)
◆表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還要持續(xù)下去。常和for, since連用。
如:We have lived here since 2000.
二、基本結(jié)構(gòu):
主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。否定形式應(yīng)在have/has后加not變?yōu)閔aven't/hasn't;疑問句應(yīng)將have/has放在句子主語之前。被動(dòng)形式為:has/have been done。如:
I have read the book.
I have not seen him before.
This book has been returned to the library.
三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)都表示在過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,如動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響、結(jié)果等;而一般過去時(shí)則只表示過去的事實(shí),不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。所以,一些表示過去時(shí)間的狀語只能與一般過去時(shí)連用,而不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,如果句中有ago, last等表過去時(shí)間的詞或用when對(duì)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問,則不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
例1: I have seen the film. (我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)了解這部電影的內(nèi)容了)
I saw the film last week. (只說明上周看過電影,不涉及現(xiàn)在)
例2: He has lived here since 1972. (現(xiàn)在還住在這里)
He lived here in 1972. (不涉及他現(xiàn)在是否住在這兒)
例3: I have bought a red car. (既敘述了過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,又強(qiáng)調(diào)了與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系)
l bought a red car. (只敘述過去發(fā)生的事實(shí),與現(xiàn)在無關(guān))
例4: Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in a park?
你們?cè)诠珗@里摘過花或踩過草地嗎?
例5:My father bought that watch ten years ago.
我的爸爸十年前買了那塊手表。
四、幾個(gè)副詞的區(qū)別
1). already, still與yet
already用于肯定句,表示"已經(jīng)";still 表示某事仍在進(jìn)行,主要用于肯定句;yet用于否定句句末,表示"還",用于疑問句句末,表示"已經(jīng)"。
He had already left when I called. 當(dāng)我給他打電話時(shí),他已經(jīng)離開了。
Have you found your ruler yet? 你已經(jīng)找到你的尺子了嗎?
I haven't finished my homework yet. 我還沒有完成作業(yè)。
It's seven o'clock, but they are still having a meeting. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)七點(diǎn)了,但他們?nèi)栽陂_會(huì)。
注意:already還可以表示驚奇,驚訝等語氣,常用于疑問句句末。
Has your son gone to school already? 你的兒子已經(jīng)上學(xué)了嗎?(表示很驚訝)
2). 副詞ever 和never多用于否定或疑問句中,表示"曾經(jīng)"和"從未"等。 如:
---Have you ever seen this movie? 你曾經(jīng)看過這部電影嗎?
---I have never seen it. 我從未看過。
3). for與since
since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn),for后接一段時(shí)間。如:
I've studied English for two years.
They have lived in Beijing since 1990.
五、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間,如:live, work, study, teach, stay等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù),是在短時(shí)間里完成的,如:borrow, come, arrive, get, leave, die等。
1、用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷;非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如:
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。(表示結(jié)果)
I've known him since then. 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表示經(jīng)歷)
2、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞的方法
非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
come/go be at/in
arrive/reach be
begin/start be on
borrow keep
buy have
close be closed
die be dead
get up be up
join be in
leave be away
open be open
put on wear
catch a cold have a cold
fall asleep be asleep
六、have/has been to,have/has gone to和have/has been in的區(qū)別
have been to 表示"去過"某地,常與 ever, never, …before, once, twice 等連用;have gone to 表示"去了"某地,人可能在途中或已經(jīng)到達(dá)那里。have been in表示"已在某地(呆了多久)"。如:
1) ---Have you ever been to Beijing? 你去過北京嗎?
---Yes, I've been there twice. 是的,我去過那里兩次。
2) My parents have gone to the park. 我父母去公園了。
3) They have been in China for two years. 他們已經(jīng)在中國呆了兩年了。
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
一、 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成
主語+ be(was/ were) + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
二、 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
1)表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與this time yesterday, at that time, then, at 9:00 last Sunday morning, all night等表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如:
---What were you doing this time yesterday?
---I was watching TV.
2) 表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生后,另一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可用來表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:
When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.
While we were having a party, the lights went out.
3) 表示兩個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行,這時(shí)可用連詞while連接。如:
I was writing while my mother was cooking.
George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio.
試卷答案及部分詳解
第I卷
五、單項(xiàng)填空:(共10分,每小題0.5分)
19. D 考查時(shí)態(tài)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。have been to 去過某地;have gone to 去了某地。
20. C 考查系動(dòng)詞。主語是music,因此謂語用sound.
21. B 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞的固定句型 tell sb to do sth.
22. C 考查數(shù)詞。thousands of成千的。
23. C 考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。固定句型 one of the + 最高級(jí)+ 名詞復(fù)數(shù)。表示"最…..的之一"。
24. D 考查代詞。everyone做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
25. A 考查連詞。并列連詞and
26. C 考查文化。London Eye"倫敦眼"是倫敦最吸引游人的觀光點(diǎn),坐落在倫敦泰晤士河畔,是現(xiàn)在世界第三大摩天輪。
27. B 考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特殊疑問句形式為:特殊疑問詞+ have/ has+ 主語+ 過去分詞。另,在某地居住為have been in some place for +年數(shù)。
28. A考查動(dòng)詞短語的意思。go off (燈)熄滅;fall down摔倒;get on 上車,進(jìn)行;put up 舉起,抬起。
29. B 考查動(dòng)詞短語的意思。take them off 脫下;try them on試穿;put them on穿上。
30. B 考查動(dòng)詞的用法。prefer to do sth.;看雜志 read magazines.
31. A 情景交際。
32. C 考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的副詞連用,應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換為相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如:borrow---keep。I have kept it for two weeks and have to return it now.
33. B 考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。have been to some place去過某地。
34. A 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別。
35. D 介詞的用法。the sun is shining through the window.
36. C 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間正在做某事。
37. D 考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的反義疑問句。Lucy's changed her mind, hasn't she?
38. B 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。may表推測(cè)。
六、完形填空 (共12分,每小題1分)
做題技巧點(diǎn)撥:
完形填空6部走:
通讀全文:通常用1分鐘左右瀏覽全文,把我文章主要人物、事件
細(xì)讀首句:把握全文的感情基調(diào)。
逐字突破:開始做題,碰到填不出的題可暫時(shí)跳過。
上下求索:填不出的空通過上下反復(fù)衡量選出答案。
回首望月:最后幾個(gè)空要回頭看前文照應(yīng)的內(nèi)容及感情基調(diào)做出選擇。
回文檢查:把所選擇的選項(xiàng)填到文中再讀一遍。
39. C 上下文。從第一句話得知全文的背景,not safe導(dǎo)致worried.
40. B 上下文。由上文知,因?yàn)樯鐓^(qū)不安全,所以父母考慮要搬家thinking about moving.
41. C 主旨題。由全文知,Richard做了努力使社區(qū)變得安全和美好。另外,由第41個(gè)空后面的nicer可推測(cè)出與之相近的選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為safer.
42. A 上下文。他為社區(qū)的安全做了各種事情,其中包括try to get a law passed.
43. B 上下文。除了上文所做的事情以外,他還。。。因此用also.
44. B 上下文。為社區(qū)的安全而掙錢。to get more money.
45. B 上下文。根據(jù)上文,和45個(gè)空之前的名詞food, books, clothes保持一致,所以用medicine.
46. D 語法。固定搭配。give him $25,000 for his good work.
47. A 上下文。根據(jù)上文,知把錢給了小區(qū),用it代指money.
48. C 語法。時(shí)間副詞的用法。他長(zhǎng)大后when he gets older。
49. D 上下文。由上文知,他一直在幫助別人,將來他可以繼續(xù)幫助人們。keep helping the people who need help most.
50. D 上下文。排除法。
七、閱讀理解(共10分,每題1分)
A
51. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。直接查找答案。
52. A細(xì)節(jié)題。直接查找答案。
53. D 細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算后得出答案。
54. D 細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。
B
55. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段第二句可以得到答案。
56. A 推斷題。第二段最后一句"but I like my farm very much because…."知,he is tired but happy. 一定要注意but之后的句子,之后往往為題目的答案。
57. A 推斷題。第一段倒數(shù)第5、6句可知he lives in the southeast of Britain.
C
58. D 推測(cè)題。
59. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。My shoulders started to burn. 題目中的選項(xiàng)換了一種說法the writer's shoulders were on fire.
60. C 推測(cè)題。用排除法得出正確答案。
第II卷
一、閱讀與填空(共10分,每小題1分)
61. well 62. have sent 63. took 64. manned 65. heroes
66. They 67. explore 68. environment 69. times 70. on
二、 根據(jù)中文提示完成句子(共10分,每小題2分)
71. With the help of Internet, students can learn more about the world.
72. I hope to see you soon.
73. Many teenagers are fond of singing pop songs.
74. There is a long way to go to solve the traffic problem in Beijing.
75. We should not only learn knowledge but also develop our ability at school.
三、 閱讀與表達(dá)(共10分,每小題2分)
76. Yes, they do.
77. The most important thing a teacher should do is to show his students how to learn.
78. You need to use a formula in working out a math problem.
79. The reason for their success is that they knew how to study.
80. They knew how to use their brain.
四、閱讀與表達(dá) (共10分)
說明:先根據(jù)文章整體內(nèi)容和語言表達(dá)確定檔次,然后在該檔次內(nèi)評(píng)出分?jǐn)?shù)。(這一部分可以復(fù)制)
第一檔:(15-13分)
完全符合題目要求,表達(dá)思想清楚,內(nèi)容豐富。使用多種語法結(jié)構(gòu)和豐富的詞匯,語言通順,語意連貫,具有邏輯性。允許個(gè)別語言錯(cuò)誤。
第二檔:(12-9分)
符合題目要求,表達(dá)思想基本清楚,內(nèi)容完整。語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯基本滿足文章需要。語言基本通順,語意基本連貫。有少量語言錯(cuò)誤,但不影響整體理解。
第三檔:(8-5分)
部分內(nèi)容符合題目要求,表達(dá)思想不清楚,內(nèi)容不完整。語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯錯(cuò)誤較多,語言不通順,影響整體理解。
第四檔:(4-0分)
與題目有關(guān)的內(nèi)容不多,不能表達(dá)出自己的思想。只是簡(jiǎn)單拼湊提示內(nèi)容,所寫內(nèi)容難以理解。
參考例文:
Many people tend to feel uncomfortable when they are facing many listeners. So you have no need to worry. And here I have several pieces of advice for you to reduce your uneasy feeling when facing others. First of all, stay calm when you are with others. Don't think too many questions such as "do they like my dressing or hairstyle?" It's really unnecessary. Second, try your best to join in others' talking. Listen carefully first and try finding chances to speak out and express you idea. Last but not least, you'd batter smile naturally when you are speaking or talking. Look at others in the eyes and use body language when you need.
In a word, be yourself and stay calm when you stay or talk with others. I am sure you will be more and more outgoing!
Yours
Linda
歡迎使用手機(jī)、平板等移動(dòng)設(shè)備訪問中考網(wǎng),2024中考一路陪伴同行!>>點(diǎn)擊查看