運(yùn)用的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為五個(gè)類(lèi)型。
1、 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（S+V+P）
列如：She is a student （身份） He has become an engineer
It tastes sweet They are in the classroom
動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞，其后的表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的身份，特征或者狀態(tài)。英語(yǔ)中可用作系動(dòng)詞的數(shù)量很少，最常用的是be的各種變化形式，系動(dòng)詞，如become，turn，look，seem，appear，sound，taste，smell，remain，prove，keep，fall，等
2、 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞（S+V）
列如：water flows He is reading
She has arrived They will come Mary cried
例如：They have reached NEW YORK They have arrived at NEWYORK
3、主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)（S+V+O）
例如：Tom speaks English He bought a jacket
They have finished the job Rose is reading a book
及物動(dòng)詞，其后必須跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)
3、 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（S+V+O+O）
例如：Mr Brown teaches them English Mother told me a story
Give us a ring when you arrive at the college
The students are giving the classroom a thorough clean up
直接賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作承受者或結(jié)果，間接賓語(yǔ)則表示動(dòng)作是為誰(shuí)做的
4、 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(S+V+O+C)
例如：We elected him chairman We should keep the classroom clean
I want her to come She had a new dress made、
She heared him singing 賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主與表或者主與謂的關(guān)系。也就是說(shuō)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)表示賓語(yǔ)的特征，身份，狀態(tài)，或是賓語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)作。如果這一結(jié)構(gòu)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句，那么原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)，后面的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)便是主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
：We found him（reading in the library）（括號(hào)內(nèi)表示賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）
所有者成分都是必不可少的，缺少任何一個(gè)成分都會(huì)破壞句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的基本成分包括主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、英語(yǔ)句子中還有起修飾作用的定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，以及起解釋說(shuō)明作用的同位語(yǔ)。下面括號(hào)部分即為定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。
例如：She is a good student
They will come soon
Mr Brown，Tom's father ，is an engineer
因此，英語(yǔ)的句子成分主語(yǔ)有主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。問(wèn)題：名詞作表語(yǔ)和名詞作單賓之間的區(qū)別？名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和名詞作直接賓語(yǔ)的差別？
分析下列各句屬于哪種基本結(jié)構(gòu)，并劃出各個(gè)句子成分。
1、I saw Jane in the reading room
2、Production grows rapidly
3、They treated me as their own son
4、His classmates made him their monitor
5、Victor passed Robert the ball
6、You did not need to arrive so early
7、The children ran merrily after him
8、It is getting dark
9、Martin，my good friend，has given me a lot of help
10、Circumstances do not permit me to leave
11、The population of city rose by 20 percent
12、She had a new dress made
13、Her face turned red at his words
14、The old professor lectures twice a week
15、Tom become a good student at last
16、I want that blue skirt ,the one on the left
17、They will have a meeting in room 205
18、Her parents bought her a new radio
19、She told us a lot of interesting stories
20、The food smells nice
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