12. how 的幾個(gè)短語：how often"多常,每隔多久",用于一般時(shí)態(tài),對(duì)表示頻度的詞語進(jìn)行提問； how soon"多久以后",用于將來時(shí)態(tài)； how long"多久",用于過去時(shí)、完成時(shí)或其他時(shí)態(tài)； how many times"多少次",用于過去時(shí)或完成時(shí),對(duì)總計(jì)次數(shù)進(jìn)行提問； how much"多么,多少",對(duì)程度進(jìn)行提問,也可以對(duì)數(shù)量(不可數(shù))或金錢進(jìn)行提問。如：How long have you been like this?(你這樣已經(jīng)多久了？)/ How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次臉？)
13. much、more與most的用法：這三個(gè)詞除了是形容詞作名詞的修飾語之外,還是程度副詞,much表示"很",修飾原級(jí)形/副,more表示"更"用來構(gòu)成多音節(jié)形/副的比較級(jí),most表示"最"用來構(gòu)成多音節(jié)形/副的最高級(jí)。此外,much也可以修飾比較級(jí)形/副。如：This park is much more beautiful than that one.(這個(gè)公園比那個(gè)漂亮多了)/ It is the most instructive film I have ever seen.(這是我看過的最有教育意義的電影)
14. no more、no longer、not...any more、no...any longer的用法：表示時(shí)間,可以用no longer、not...ny more、no...any longer,而且no longer只能放在謂語動(dòng)詞之前；表示程度,可以用no more、not...any more.如：He no longer lived there.(他不再住在那里) / Tom wanted no more cakes.(他不想再要蛋糕) / He didn' t smoke any more/longer.(他不再抽煙)
15.被動(dòng)語態(tài)中,方式副詞一般放在be與謂語動(dòng)詞之間。如： The runner was badly hurt.(賽跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員受了重傷) / English is widely spoken in the world today.(如今世界上英語說得很廣泛)
16.too...to...與so...that...的問題：副詞too/so后面跟形容詞或副詞,to后面跟動(dòng)詞,that后面跟從句。Too...to... ("太.……以致不……")是否定的結(jié)構(gòu),用于簡(jiǎn)單句；so...that...("如此…以致…")是肯定結(jié)構(gòu),用于復(fù)合句。如：The child is too young to join the army.(這孩子年齡太小還不能參軍)/ He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.(他這么強(qiáng)壯,搬得動(dòng)那個(gè)重箱子。)
17. 既是形容詞也是副詞的單詞有：early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。如：It was a long holiday.(那是個(gè)長(zhǎng)假)/ He stayed there very long.(他在那兒呆了好久)/ Think hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就會(huì)找到辦法)/ He is a very hard(難對(duì)付的) person.(他是個(gè)難玩的家伙)
18. farther與further的用法區(qū)別：表示地點(diǎn)、方向或距離時(shí)兩個(gè)詞同義,意思為"更遠(yuǎn)、較遠(yuǎn)",但是further還表示"更多、進(jìn)一步、額外"等意思,此時(shí)不能換為farther. 如：They decided to go farther/further the next day.(他們決定第二天走得再遠(yuǎn)些)/ This problem will be further discussed.(這個(gè)問題還要進(jìn)一步討論)/ Every one of them had their further studies after they left college.(他們每個(gè)人大學(xué)畢業(yè)后繼續(xù)進(jìn)修)
19. rather與quite的用法區(qū)別：同very一樣,兩個(gè)詞都表示形容詞或副詞的程度,quite表示"不到最高程度但是比預(yù)料的好",rather比quite更接近very的含義,含有令人驚訝的意思。見下圖對(duì)"nice"程度的描繪：
not nice (fairly) nice quite nice rather nice very nice
如：It's quite a nice film.(這是部好片子)。(可能意味著不是一部最好的電影) / It's rather a nice film.(這是部很不錯(cuò)的電影。)(意味著比大多數(shù)電影都好)
[注意]注意quite與rather后面的次序詞序。
20. maybe、possibly、perhaps的區(qū)別：maybe"可能、也許",比另外兩個(gè)詞更不正式、更隨便、可能性不大；possibly"可能地、或者、也許",可能性較大,在否定句和疑問句中表示"無論如何"；perhaps"可能",較為常用而且正式,可能性也不大。如：You could put it over there,maybe.(也許你可以把它放在那邊) / I couldn't possibly have finished such a long book in such a short time.(我不可能在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這么長(zhǎng)的一本書)/ I thought perhaps it was the letter you have been expecting.(我以為那也許就是你期盼的信件)
21. most、mostly的區(qū)別：most作為形容詞和名詞時(shí)意思是"大多數(shù)的、大部分的",作為副詞時(shí)意思為"最,十分、很"；mostly僅為副詞,意思為"主要地、多半地、大部分地"。如：I was at home most of the time when I was free.(我有空時(shí)大部分時(shí)間都在家)Most children are naughty.(大部分的孩子都淘氣)/ This is the most exciting part of the film.(這是電影中最令人興奮的部分)/She is mostly out on Sundays.(星期天她一般不在家)
22. (be) worth、(be) worthy of的區(qū)別：worth一般被看作是介詞,后面接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞,用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義,還可以用副詞well修飾；worthy of表示"值得的、配得上的",后面跟動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式。如：What is worth doing at all is worth doing well(凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做). / The house is worth ￥300,000.(房子價(jià)值30萬元)/ This book is well worth reading several times.(這本書值得好好讀幾遍)/ It is a thing worthy of being seen.(這是一個(gè)值得看的東西)
23.almost、nearly的區(qū)別：兩個(gè)詞意思相近,都表示"幾乎、將近",大多數(shù)情況下可以互換,與否定詞連用時(shí)用almost不用nearly. almost no 相當(dāng)于hardly any(幾乎沒有)。如：He had done almost nothing today.(他今天幾乎沒有干什么) / We are almost/nearly there.(我們幾乎就到那里了)/ Almost nobody/Hardly anybody understood his words.(幾乎沒有人懂他的話)
24.a bit與a little的區(qū)別：這兩個(gè)名詞短語經(jīng)常當(dāng)作副詞使用,修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)或比較級(jí),可以互換,語氣比rather弱。如：This digital camera is a bit(a little) expensive.(這臺(tái)數(shù)碼相機(jī)有點(diǎn)貴)/ It is a little(a bit) colder than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷了點(diǎn))
另外,a little可以直接加不可數(shù)名詞,a bit 則采用"a bit + of +名詞(不可數(shù)或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))"的形式。如：I have got a bit of a cold.(我有點(diǎn)感冒)/ Go and get a little water for me, please.(請(qǐng)你去給我搞點(diǎn)水來)
[注意] not a bit(=not at all)意為"根本不",而 not a little則意為"非常,不是一點(diǎn)"。
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