初中英語句型分類知識點(diǎn)：比較句型分類與應(yīng)用(2)

　　句型［主語+謂語+not so/not as+形容詞原級/副詞+as+被比對象］

　　1.    Tom is not so tall as his brother. (Tom is less tall than his brother.)

　　2.    Mr. Green is not so old as he looks.  3. It isn't as cold as it was yesterday.

　　4.  John doesn't work so hard as Henry.

　　5.  Dawney answered slowly: "Never so happy as when my hands are full.

　　句型［主語+謂語+以or結(jié)尾的形容詞比較級+to+被比對象］

　　1.    His strength is superior to (=greater than) mine.  2. My knowledge is inferior to (=less than) his.

　　3.  Is your father senior to mine? My father is junior to yours.

　　4.  His arrival in New York is posterior to that of my friend.

　　5.  Colored people are by no means inferior to white people.

　　句型［被比對象(第一分句暗示某種程度)+主體(第二分句含比較級)］

　　1.    I caught the last bus from town; but Harry came home even later. (He came home later than I.)

　　2.    The Long March is great, but the New Long March will be greater, and more arduous.

　　3.    Dear as are father and mother, the motherland is still dearer.

　　4.    One of my suitcases is small, and the other one is medium.

　　句型［主語+謂語+absolute superiority over+被比對象］

　　［主語+謂語+above/ next to+被比對象］ ［主語+can't compare with+被比對象］

　　1.    The socialist system has demonstrated absolute superiority over the capitalist one.

　　2.    The price of wisdom is above rubies.  3. We love truth above everything else.

　　4.  As long as men live, water will continue to be what it is today - next in importance to oxygen.

　　5.  Next to the Yangtze, the Yellow River is the second longest river in our country.

　　6.  It is worth next to nothing.  7. How could Napoleon compare with Lenin?

　　8.  The situation of the enemy cannot compare with ours.

　　[附注] 關(guān)于等差句有以下幾點(diǎn)需要注意：

　　1)    句型16 "not to speak of" 等詞組也可用以表示差比, 如: Even a worm, when trodden on, will turn, not to speak of a man outraged.

　　2)    former, latter, elder等形容詞, 詞尾雖然是比較級形式, 但它們永遠(yuǎn)不用于比較句中, 也不能跟than, 如： He will come here in the latter part of year.

　　3)    等差既可以指出相差的數(shù)目, (用by+數(shù)詞表示) 也可以指出相差的范圍, 如: of +名詞, with regard to, in point of, with respect to, with reference to, with relation to, in the sphere of, in the field of等等。例句:  She is the more patient of the two.   In point of commerce, Shanghai is more prosperous than Nanjing.   With reference to territory, China is larger than America.

　　4)    有些語句的詞序變動較大閱讀和翻譯時要弄清其結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Easier said than done. (=It is easier to be said than to be done.)  In science, more than in any other human institution, it is necessary to search out the past in order to understand the present and to control the future. (= It is more necessary in science than in any other human institution to search out…)

　　有時一個詞的原級和比較級在一同結(jié)構(gòu)的句中會產(chǎn)生不同的意義，如：If he was ten years old, he would understand it. ≠ If he was ten years older, he would understand it.

　　5)    要注意避免不合理的比較。如：（誤）The face of his father looks older than his uncle.

　�。ㄕ�） The face of his father looks older than that of his uncle.  His father's face looks older than his uncle's.

　　極比句

　　句型［…the 形容詞最高級/ 副詞最高級+(名詞)+范圍詞…］

　　1.    This is the easiest book I've ever read.  2. Mrs. Thomson works hardest of all.

　　3.  Dictionaries are like watches; the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true.  4. It is our greatest happiness to dedicate our youth to the New Long March.

　　5.  The least means shall be used to achieve the greatest end.  6. Which of the boys studies best?

　　句型［…the most/ least形容詞原級/副詞+(名詞)+范圍詞…］

　　1.    She is the most active girl in our class.  2. You're the one who writes the most correctly.

　　3.  "How is your watch?" - "My watch goes the most accurately."

　　4.  The most short-sighted man could see that at a glance, with his naked eyes," said Martin.

　　5.  Light waves travel most quickly through air, they go much slower through water and even slower through glass.

　　[注1] "best of all" 表示肯定的最; "least of all" 表示否定的最， 如： I like swimming best of all.

　　I like that least of all.  The least用作最高級時，往往被其后面的形容詞的反義詞的最高級所取代。如: This is the most difficult (不用the least easy) book I've ever read. This is the most uninteresting (很少用the least interesting) book of the three.
 

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