2019中考英語(yǔ)詞匯專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一詞多義（四）

hotel

作名詞,意為"酒店,旅館",表示酒店等級(jí)多用class 或star

a first-class hotel 一流酒店

a five-star hotel 五星級(jí)酒店

There is a _____(旅館)near the school.

bank

(1)作名詞,意為"銀行".

There is a bank near here. 在這附近有一家銀行.

(2) 作名詞,意為"河岸,堤岸"

There are many banana trees on both banks of the river.

在河的兩岸有許多香蕉樹.

My mother often puts money in a b_____.

street/way/avenue

(1) street意為"街,街道",多指市區(qū)內(nèi)供車輛行人走的道路.

I like playing in the street. 我喜歡在街上玩.

(2) way意為"道路",具有廣泛的意義,還可表示抽象意義的"路,路途,方法"等.

Let me tell you the way to my home.

讓我來(lái)告訴你到我家的路.

(3) avenue多指兩側(cè)有樹的道路,或用來(lái)指城市中一側(cè)或兩側(cè)建筑物林立的大道.

There is a library on Fifth Avenue.

I live _____ Green Street.

A on B in C at D of

pay

作動(dòng)詞,意為"付錢,支付",構(gòu)成以下詞組:

(1) pay sb 付錢給某人

You should pay him. 你應(yīng)該付錢給他.

(2) pay money for sth 為某物付錢

He paid 2 yuan for the book. 買這本書他花了2元錢.

(3) pay sb money for sth 為某物付給某人錢

I paid him ten dollars for the coat.

買那件上衣我付給了他10美元

(4) pay money to sb for sth為某物付給某人錢

He pays 40 yuan to the teacher for English lessons every week. 他每周為英語(yǔ)課付給老師40元錢.

take spend cost pay

(1) take 用于表示花時(shí)間金錢等,其主語(yǔ)是物,或用以下句型: It takes sb some time /money to do sth.意為"做某事花了某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間或金錢".

It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike.

騎自行車到學(xué)�；�了我半小時(shí)的時(shí)間.

(2) spend的主語(yǔ)必須是人,構(gòu)成句型:

spend 時(shí)間/金錢 on sth

spend 時(shí)間/金錢 (in) doing sth

My mother spent much time on newspaper.

Don't spend too much money buying toys.

(3) cost表示花費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢,其主語(yǔ)多為物或事.

The coat cost me ten dollars. 這件上衣花了我10美元.

(4) pay 指花費(fèi)金錢,主語(yǔ)是人

My father paid two yuan for the book.

我父親買那本書花了2元錢.

-Tom, how much did you _____ for the book?

-Five yuan.

A take B spend C cost D pay

near

(1)作介詞,意為"在…附近",與far from反義 #p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

My house is near my school. 我家離學(xué)校很近.

The book is near the pencil-box. 那本書在鉛筆盒附近.

(2)作副詞,意為"接近,親近地,在近處"

My uncle lives quite near. 我叔叔住得很近.

Are there any trees _____ the river?

A for B near C in D on

center

center多指物體垢正中心,表示"中心,中央"

middle 指中間部,多指位置,不如center精確.

There is a post office on _____ Street.

A center B Middle C middle D Center

The capital city is often the _____ of the very country.

A center B part C middle D point

across/through/over

(1) across 作介詞,意為"橫過(guò),在對(duì)面",表示從一定范圍的一邊到另一邊,表示動(dòng)作是在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行的.

Let's go across the bridge. 讓我們一起過(guò)橋吧.

(2) though 表示從空間內(nèi)通過(guò),穿過(guò),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作是在物體里面進(jìn)行的.

He likes walking through the forest. 他喜歡穿越森林.

(3)over表示在空間范圍上通過(guò),越過(guò)或垂直在上,不和物體接觸.

Look! The plane is flying over the city.

瞧,飛機(jī)在城市上空飛.

The bank is _____ from the hospital.

next to

介詞短語(yǔ),意為"在…旁邊,鄰近的"

I sit next to Jim. 我坐在吉姆旁邊.

There is a library next to me. 在郵局旁邊有一家圖書館.

(1)next 也可作介詞,意為"緊靠…的旁邊"

My friend Tom sits next to me.

我的朋友湯姆坐在我旁邊.

(2)next 可作形容詞,意為"下一個(gè)的,緊挨著的".也可作副詞,意為下一步,其次".

Tom is singing in the next room.

湯姆在隔壁房間里唱歌.

I don't know what to do next. 我不知道下一步干什么.

(3)next可與week, month, year等詞連到用,表示從現(xiàn)在算起的時(shí)間.

next year 明年

next month 下個(gè)月

next week 下周

(4)next 前加the,再與week, month, year等詞連用,表示從過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)算起的時(shí)間.

the next week 第二周

the next year 第二年

the next month 第二個(gè)月

There is a post office _____ the library.

A near to B next to C of D on

in front of

表示"在…的前面".即處在某人或某物外面的前邊,of后常加名詞或代詞,表示地點(diǎn).

There is a car in front of the bus.

在公共汽車的前面有一輛小汽車.

Who is in front of you? 誰(shuí)在你前面?

(1)in front of 與behind的區(qū)別用法:

a 二者在表示"在某位置前"時(shí),可以通用. #p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

Mary sits before/in front of me.

瑪麗坐在我的前面.

There is a boy in front of/before the blackboard.

在黑板的前面有一個(gè)男孩.

b 當(dāng)表示"在建筑物的前面"時(shí),用in front of.

The library is in front of the post office.

圖書館在郵局的前面.

There is a hospital in front of my school.

我學(xué)校前面有一家醫(yī)院.

c 當(dāng)表示"在某段時(shí)間之前"時(shí),用before, 不用in front of.

Don't forget to finish your homework before six o'clock.

別忘了在六點(diǎn)之前完成你的作業(yè).

(2)in front of與in the front of的區(qū)別用法

in front of 強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)物體在另一個(gè)物體外部的前面.

in the front 強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)物體在另一個(gè)物體內(nèi)部的前面.

There is a desk in the front of the classroom.

在教室前面有一張桌子.

There is a tree and a car in front of the house.

在房子前面有一棵樹和一輛小汽車.

There is a blackboard ______ the classroom.

A in front B in front of C in the front of D at front

between…and…

介詞短語(yǔ),表示"在…和…之間",只限于兩者之間,三者之間用介詞among.

I sit betwwn Tom and Jim. 我坐在湯姆和吉姆之間.

There is a desk between the door and the window.

在門和窗戶之間有一張桌子.

It's about 2 kilometers _____ my home and the school.

A in B on C between D for

excuse me

意為"對(duì)不起,請(qǐng)?jiān)��?打擾一下".用于日常生活中人們向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求,詢問(wèn)的情況,打擾別人等場(chǎng)合,多用于以下幾種情況:

①向陌生人問(wèn)路

Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the post office?

請(qǐng)問(wèn),你能告訴我郵局在哪嗎?

②向別人詢問(wèn)情況時(shí)

Excuse me, Is this your book?

請(qǐng)問(wèn),這是你的書嗎?

③客氣地請(qǐng)求(允許)時(shí)

Excuse me. Can I ask you some questions?

對(duì)不起,我可以問(wèn)你一些問(wèn)題嗎?

④突然有不雅的行為時(shí).

Oh, Excuse me. 哦,對(duì)不起.

excuse me 和sorry的區(qū)別用法.

a excuse me 用于向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求,表達(dá)不同意見,詢問(wèn)探路或打擾道歉等情況,表示"勞駕,對(duì)不起,請(qǐng)問(wèn)"

Excuse me. Where's the post office?

請(qǐng)問(wèn),郵局在哪里?

b sorry表示由于某種失誤或不能為對(duì)方效勞而抱歉.意為"對(duì)不起,抱歉".

I'm sorry I can't help you.對(duì)不起我不能幫助你.

-Can you help me learn English?你能幫我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)嗎?

-Sorry, I can't. I'm not good at it. #p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

對(duì)不起,我不能. 我學(xué)得不好.

_______. Can you tell me the way to the library?

A Sorry B Excuse C I'm sorry D Excuse me

neighborhood

作名詞,意為"附近,鄰近,街坊,四鄰".構(gòu)成詞組

in the heighborhood 意為"在附近"

in the neighborhood of 意為"在…附近"

We live in a quiet neighborhood.

我們住在很安靜的地區(qū)

There is a supermarket in the neighborhood.

在附近有一家超市.

We live in the neighborhood of the park.

我們住在公園附近.

There is a library near the post office.(改為同義句)

There is a library ______ ______ ______ ______ the post office.

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