專題十四 定語(yǔ)從句
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一、什么是定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。
二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞
一般情況下，如果先行詞表示人的名詞或代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用who，whom或that。who和that在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。
whose在從句中常作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)，通常指人，也可以指物，表示“誰(shuí)的……”.。
先行詞如果是表示物的名詞或代詞時(shí)，用that或which均可，但有些情況只能用that，有些情況只能用which。
三、在下列情況下，定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞多用that
1. 當(dāng)先行詞為all，something，anything等不定代詞時(shí)用that。如：
You should tell me all(that)you have know about.
你因該把你所知道的情況告訴我。
Here is something that my father needs.
這正是我父親所需要的東西。
2. 當(dāng)先行詞被every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時(shí)，用that。如：
He has spent all the money that his father gave him.
他已經(jīng)把父親給他的錢都花掉了。
Tom tried every means that he could do to finish the job on time but he failed.
為了完成工作，湯姆想盡了一切辦法，但他還是失敗了。
3. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，用that。如：
This is the second letter that I received from my younger sister this month.
這是我這個(gè)月收到我妹妹的第二封信。
Gone with the Wind is one of the best films that I have ever seen.《亂世佳人》是我看過(guò)的最好的影片之一。
4. 先行詞被only, very, same, last等詞修飾時(shí)，用that。如：
This is the only book that you can read in these few days.
這是你最近幾天能看的唯一一本書了。
That is the very magazine that he is looking for .
那正是他要找的那本雜志。
4. 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)用that。如：
The distance that you are from home is immaterial.
你離家的距離是微不足道的。
6. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)中已出現(xiàn)which而為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)使用that。如：
Which is the book that you need?
你需要的是哪一本書呢?
7. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只用that。如：
He can see two boys and some trees that are at a distance of five hundred meters.
他看見在五百米外有兩個(gè)男孩和一些樹。
四、在下列情況中則多用which
1. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句多用which。如：
Canada, which is in North America, is the second largest country in the world.
位于北美洲的加拿大是世界第二大國(guó)。
2. 介詞之后的定語(yǔ)從句多用which。如：
This is the stamp for which he is looking.
這正是他要找的那枚郵票。
3.“those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”之后的定語(yǔ)從句，用which。如：
A supermarket should keep a stock of those goods which sell well.
商場(chǎng)應(yīng)儲(chǔ)存一些銷量好的商品。
4.定語(yǔ)從句離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)，用which。如：
My grandmother gave me a gift of great value on my birthday which I liked very much.
在我生日的那一天，我奶奶給了我一件非常珍貴的禮物，我非常喜歡它。
5. 先行詞為代詞that時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞多用which(非正式英語(yǔ)也用that)。如：
He told me that which I had told you before.
他告訴我的是以前我曾經(jīng)給你說(shuō)過(guò)的那件事。
五、在下列情況下，關(guān)系代詞一般用who(指人)
1. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，用who。如：
Lincoln,who was murdered at a theatre in Washington,D.C.,died on April 15,1865.
林肯在首都華盛頓的一家劇院被人暗殺，于1865年4月15日去世。
2. 當(dāng)不定代詞everybody(everyone)，anybody(anyone)，all one，ones等為先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用who。如：
One who doesn’t work hard will never succeed.
不努力的人永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成功的。
Is there anybody who can swim across the river?
有人能游過(guò)這條河嗎?
3.當(dāng)先行詞為those或people時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用who.
Those who want to see the exhibition must sign their names here.
要看這個(gè)展覽的人必須在這里簽名。
People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.
有時(shí)候，眼睛看得見的人也會(huì)做同樣的傻事。
4.在被分割開來(lái)的定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞為人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用who，如：
I met a boy at the English Corner yesterday who can speak English fluently.
昨天，我在英語(yǔ)角上遇到一個(gè)能講一口流利英語(yǔ)的男孩。
5.在以there be 開頭的存在句型中，先行詞為人，關(guān)系代詞一般用who.如：
There was an old lady who wanted to see you at the gate just now.
剛才大門口有一位老婦人有事找你。
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(2×50) 計(jì)分:
1. Is the girl ___is reading a book under that big tree your sister?
No. My sister is in France.
A. who B. whom C. whose
2. Jim dislike people _____talk much but never do anything.
A .who B. whom C. whose
3. This is the school _____I studied in three years ago.
A. where B. when C. which
4. What do you usually do in your leisure time?
I enjoy reading in the library _____I lose myself with a lot of good books.
A. where B. when C. which
5. I love singers _____write their own music
A .who B. which C. what
6. The village _____I visited last year has changed a lot.
Really? I hope to go there one day.
A. that B. who C. when
7 .The old woman _____is wearing a pair of glasses _____Mrs.Black
A. which, are B. who, are C. who ,is
8. Do you like music _____makes you relaxed?
A. it B. what C. that
9. The girl _____.you talked with at the school gate is our new math teacher.
A. whose B. which C. whom
10. I like the teacher ______is strict with us.
A. which B. who C. whose
11. I cannot forget the time ______the earthquake happened on in Yushu.
A. when B. which C. who
12. Do you know the boy ______is sitting next to Peter.
Yes ,He is Peter`s friend.They are celebrating his ninth birthday.
A. who B. whose C. which
13. I have bought a dress _____I like best .
A. who B. where C. which
14. The camel ______I rode had a bad temper, and I got tired.
A. that B. whose C. who
15..George Mallory was an English teacher loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he
16. The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children , isn`t it?
Yes ,it has built many schools ______those children can study happily.
A. where B. when C. whom
17. The police caught the man _____stole my hand-bag.
A. he B. that C. whom
18. The foreigner ______visited our school is from Canada.
A. which B. who C. whose
19. Anyone ______is punished.
A. who break the rules B. who breaks the rules
C. whom break the rules
20. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where C. what
21.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to
22.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed in B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at
23. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. in which
24. That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which
25. The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which
26. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which
27.This is one of the best films _______.
. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year
28. Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked
29. The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which
30.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which
31.Is there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. whose
32.I'm interested in all ______you have said.
A. that B. what C. which
33. I want to use the dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what
34. He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom
35. The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which B. that C. who
36. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom
37. I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it
38. Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which B. for that C. in which
39. I can never forget the day when we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. which B. when C. on which;
40. The man ______hair is white is American.
A. which B. whose C. what
41. My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who B. which C. it
42. I shall never forget those years _______ I spend on the farm with the farmers.
A. when B. that C. where
43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A. owns; are B. own; is C. own; are
44. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which
45. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
A. which B. that C. what
46. Do you know the woman about her information _____ is crying over there?
A. who B. whose C. which
47. -- Do you know the boy _______ wears a blue shirt?
-- Yes, he’s Jill.
A. who B. which C. whose
48. --What kind of music would your mother like?
-- She prefers music quiet and gentle.
A. that are B. that is C. which has
49.-----The skirt is made of silk is very comfortable. Would you like one?
---- Let me have a look .
A. who B. what C. that
50. I like places _____ are quiet and beautiful.
A. those B. which C. where
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