來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)來(lái)源 作者:中考網(wǎng)編輯 2021-03-20 11:19:05
中考網(wǎng)整理了關(guān)于2021中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)之動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞,希望對(duì)同學(xué)們有所幫助,僅供參考。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一
動(dòng)詞不定式:在英語(yǔ)中,不充當(dāng)句子謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,叫作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受主語(yǔ)的限制,沒有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),所以又叫非限定動(dòng)詞。非限定動(dòng)詞有三種形式:動(dòng)詞不定式;動(dòng)名詞和分詞。
1.動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成和性質(zhì)
動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,所謂非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就是不能作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。正因?yàn)槿绱,它不受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但它具有動(dòng)詞的某些特征,可以帶賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。其構(gòu)成是:“to+動(dòng)詞原形”,否定式是“not to+動(dòng)詞原形”。to是不定式符號(hào),無(wú)詞義。
2.動(dòng)詞不定式的用法
動(dòng)詞不定式除了不能作謂語(yǔ)外,可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。
、僮髦髡Z(yǔ)
To learn English well is not easy.
To drive fast is quite dangerous.
不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常常用it作形式主語(yǔ),不定式放在謂語(yǔ)之后以上兩個(gè)例句可以寫成:
It is not easy to learn English well.
It is quite dangerous to drive fast.
這種用法可以歸納成這樣一個(gè)句型:
It is(not)+形容詞+(for sb.)to do sth.
It is very expensive for me to buy a car.
It is very difficult for a child to do that job.
有些形容詞之后跟of+名詞(代詞賓語(yǔ))+不定式。如:
It is very kind of you to say so.It is very good of you to come.
②作表語(yǔ)。如:
My job is to teach English.The first thing is to ring him up.
③作賓語(yǔ)。如:
She wanted to ask you a question.He forgot to turn off the light.
We decided to hold a class meeting.
常見的可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:like,love,begin,start,try,ask,prefer,hate,find等,有些形容詞可接不定式,這種不定式也可作賓語(yǔ)。如:
I’m very glad to see youHe’s sure to come.
、茏髻e語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
不定式是用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的,通常不定式的動(dòng)作是賓語(yǔ)發(fā)出的?梢詭Р欢ㄊ阶髻e補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:ask sb.To do sth.want sb.To do sth.
tell sb.To do sth.like sb.To do sth.help sb.(to)do sth.,還有些動(dòng)詞可以跟省略to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如:hear,watch,see,feel,make,let,have等。如:
I often help my mother do housework.
、葑鞫ㄕZ(yǔ):常常放在所修飾的名詞、代詞之后,如:
I have a lot of of work to do.He wants something to drink.
⑥作狀語(yǔ)。如:
He went to the station to meet his friend.(表目的)
She has gone to the market to buy some vegetables.(表目的)
I’m so glad to hear that you have passed the exam.(表原因)
The boy is too young to go to school.(表結(jié)果)
3.疑問(wèn)詞加動(dòng)詞不定式
疑問(wèn)代詞when,who,which和疑問(wèn)副詞when,where,why,how等加動(dòng)詞不定式,在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。如:
I’m don’t know how to use the computer.(作賓語(yǔ))
We can’t decide which one to buy.(作賓語(yǔ))
The question is how to get there.(作表語(yǔ))
When to start has not been decided.(作主語(yǔ))
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞二
動(dòng)名詞:動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的特性,它在句子里主要起到主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)的作用。
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