2022中考英語非謂語動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

非謂語動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

動(dòng)名詞

1.形式同現(xiàn)在分詞有四種:

一般主動(dòng)式doing

一般被動(dòng)式being done

完成主動(dòng)式having done

完成被動(dòng)式having been done

2.動(dòng)名詞的基本用法：

作主語：Seeing is believing. /Talking is easier than doing. /It isn’t necessary explaining to him. /It’s no use waiting here.

作表語：My hobby(愛好)is collecting stamps . /His job is washing and cooking.

作賓語：When he came in , we all stopped talking . /He has given up smoking. /We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. /Are you fond of dancing ? /The boy isn’t worth teaching.

注 有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟不定式作賓語。有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，有些動(dòng)詞后跟不定式。動(dòng)名詞作賓語含義不同。詳見第6點(diǎn)。

作定語：This is her father’s walking stick.

1. 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：

形式：his/him working there, Wang Dong’s/Wang Dong working

there

語法功能：

作主語：Your smoking too much will do harm to your health.(動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句首作主語時(shí)，只能用sb’s的形式，此句中的Your不可改為You。)

作賓語：I don’t like his/him staying with us.

作表語：My joy is his winning the table-tennis game.(his不能改為him)

2. 動(dòng)名詞的完成式：

動(dòng)名詞的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作為一種時(shí)間要領(lǐng)不強(qiáng)的或泛指的動(dòng)作，或是與句中謂語同時(shí)發(fā)生。或在謂語之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

如果動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前，則要用完成式。例如：

We were praised for having completed our task ahead of time.

lending g

在remember, forget, regret, excuse, apologize等動(dòng)詞之后/某些介詞后/某些習(xí)慣用語中，用動(dòng)名詞的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。例如：

having lent

I remember him some money before.

promising

having promised

He forgot me that.

After finishing his homework (=Having finished his homework) , he went out for a walk.

3. 動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式

如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語為動(dòng)名詞所表示動(dòng)作的承受者，這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞就要用被動(dòng)式。例如：The problem is far from being settled.

動(dòng)名詞的完成被動(dòng)式往往用一般被動(dòng)式來代替，以免句子顯得累贅。例如：

I still remember being invited(代替having been invited)by a famous artist when I was in Shanghai.

4. 動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語、賓語的用法比較

作主語：

(1)多數(shù)情況兩者可以互換。例如：Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.

Talking is easy and doing is difficult.=To talk is easy and to do is difficult.

(2)如果表示一種具體、短期的行為，或表示將來的行為，宜用不定式。例如：

It took him two hours to finish the work.

To be a scientist is his desire(愿望).[來源:Z#xx#k.Com]

(3)如果表示一種經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性、長期性的行為，一般用動(dòng)名詞。例如：

Getting up early is a good habit.

作賓語：

(1) 有些動(dòng)詞跟不定式、動(dòng)名詞作賓語皆可，意義也差不多，主要有：

begin, start,continue, love, prefer等。

(2) 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語，主要有：

wish, hope, expect, demand, refuse, decide.

(3) 有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，已學(xué)過的這類詞有：

finish, imagine, insist on,enjoy, escape, consider, can’t help, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, put off(延遲)=delay, suggest.feel like, look forwardto,devote…to(doing),be worth ,appreciate.

(4)有些動(dòng)詞后跟不定式、動(dòng)名詞意義有明顯差別，主要有：forget, remember, regret, stop, mean, try, want, need, require, go on

A.forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事

forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事

=forget having done sth.

=forget to have done sth.

B.remember to do sth. 記住要做某事 remember doing sth.記住做過某事

C.regret to do sth. 遺憾(要)做某事 regret doing sth. 懊悔做了某事

D.stop to do sth. 停下(原事)去做某事(不定式作目的狀語)

stop doing sth. 停止做某事

E.mean to do sth. 決意/打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味/表明做某事

F.try to do sth. 努力/設(shè)法去做某事

try doing sth. 試圖/嘗試用某一方法做某事

G.want/need/require to do sth. 要/想做某事

want/need/require doing(=to be done). 需要/想要被…

H.go on to do sth. 繼續(xù)做不同的事 go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做相同的事

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