來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2022-05-24 10:51:24
句子成分
英語句子成分分七種:主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。
1、主語:句子的主體,全句述說的對象;卮鹗“誰”或者“什么”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞或從句擔(dān)當(dāng),位于句首。
如:The boy needs a pen.
Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you
2、謂語:說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)。回答“做(什么)”。由動詞或系動詞加表語擔(dān)任,常置于主語后。
如:The train leaves at 6 o’clock.
She is reading.
3、賓語:表示動作的對象。回答做的是“什么”。一般由名詞或代詞擔(dān)當(dāng),常置于謂語后。
如:He won the game.
He likes playing computer.
注意:
(1)有些及物動詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語,一個(gè)指物(直接賓語),一個(gè)指人(間接賓語)。
間接賓語一般放在直接賓語前面。
如:He wrote me a letter . (他給我寫了一封信)
(2)有時(shí)可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構(gòu)成短語,放在直接賓語后面,來強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語。
如:He wrote a letter to me . (他給我寫了一封信)
4、表語:用以表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等;卮鹗“什么”或者“怎么樣”。一般由名詞或形容詞擔(dān)任,置于系動詞或be動詞之后。
如:He is a student. We are tired.
注意:除了be 系動詞外,還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞,
(1)表感官的動詞: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
(2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞: become, get, grow, turn, go等。
(3)表延續(xù)的動詞: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
5、定語:對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子。
如:The black bike is mine.(形容詞)
The boy in blue is Jim.(介詞短語)
I have nothing to do today.(動詞不定式)
注意:
(1)當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞如:nothing , anything , everything , something等時(shí),定語要放在其后作后置定語。例如: I tell him something interesting.
(2)不定式、短語或從句作定語時(shí),也放在被修飾的名詞之后。
例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games.
6、狀語:用以修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞及全句,通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任位置靈活。
(1)修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),通常位于被修飾的詞之前;
如:I am very sorry.
(2)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首。
如:In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.
They are writing English in the classroom.
(3)一些表示不確定時(shí)間(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后,動詞之前。
如:We often help him.
He is always late for class.
7、補(bǔ)語:補(bǔ)充說明賓語怎么樣或干什么,。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。常位于賓語后。
如:He made me sad.(形容詞)
She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式)
The war made him a soldier.(名詞)
I find him at home.(介詞短語)
I saw a cat running along the wall.(分詞)
8、同位語:通常緊跟在名詞、代詞后面,進(jìn)一步說明它的情況, 它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當(dāng)。
如:Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
I myself will do the experiment.
She is the oldest among them six.
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