2022年初中英語：怎樣區(qū)分半連系動(dòng)詞

怎樣區(qū)分半連系動(dòng)詞

連系動(dòng)詞多有自己的意思，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，必須與表語(名詞、形容詞，或與之相當(dāng)?shù)脑~類、短語、從句)一起構(gòu)成合成謂語。最常用的連系動(dòng)詞為be(是)動(dòng)詞，即完全連系動(dòng)詞，另外還有l(wèi)ook, turn, feel, get, become, sound, smell, stand, go, remain等半連系動(dòng)詞。無論是完全連系動(dòng)詞還是半連系動(dòng)詞、后面都有表語。由于半連系動(dòng)詞是由實(shí)意動(dòng)詞變來的，那如何分辨該動(dòng)詞為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞還是半連系動(dòng)詞呢?這對(duì)初學(xué)英語的中學(xué)生來說會(huì)感到有點(diǎn)困難，我在教學(xué)中嘗試用比較法和替換法，使學(xué)生較能接受。

1.比較法

比較下列各組句子

(1) A. Please look at the blackboard.請(qǐng)看黑板。

B. He looked a perfect fool.他看上去是個(gè)十足的傻瓜。

(2) A. Turn to Page 16.翻到 16頁。

B. He turned traitor to his country.他背叛了祖國。

A. He felt it his duty to help others. 他認(rèn)為幫助別人是自己的責(zé)任。

B. I felt very hungry after a long walk. 走了一段長路，我感到很餓。

A. Get me some ink.給我一些墨水。

B. Our motherland is getting stronger and stronger. 我們國家變得越來越強(qiáng)大了。

A. Such words do not become a scholar. 那樣的話不像出自學(xué)者之口。

B. Some of the land became covered with water. 一些田地覆蓋著水。

A. This black key on the piano won't sound. 這鋼琴上的黑鍵按下去不響。

B. The story sounds interesting. 這故事聽起來很有趣。

A. I am sure I smell gas.我肯定聞到了煤氣味。

B. The　flowers smell sweet.花朵散發(fā)芳香。

A. He was too weak to stand.他太虛弱，不能站立。

B. Holding the note in his hand, he stood there dumbfounded.

他拿著鈔票，站在那里，目瞪口呆。

A. He goes to school early every morning. 他每天早上很早上學(xué)。

B. They went mad.他們發(fā)狂了。

A. I remained 3 weeks in Paris. 我在巴黎逗留了三周。

B. He never remained satisfied with his success.他從不滿足于自己的成績。

2.替換法

分析以上10組句子我們不難看出B組斜體動(dòng)詞均為連系動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)槿绻�我們把�?dòng)詞 be(是)的適當(dāng)形式替代斜體動(dòng)詞，句子能夠成立，后面的成分即是表語。

(1)He was a perfect fool.

(2)He was a traitor to his country.

(3)I was very hungry after a long walk.

(4)Our motherland is stronger and stronger.

(5)Some of the land was covered with water.

(6)The story is interesting.

(7)The flowers are sweet.

(8)Holding the note in his hand, he was there dumbfounded.

(9)They were mad.

(10)He was never satisfied with his success.

反之，如果把 be(是)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式替代 A組斜體動(dòng)詞，句子則不能成立，無法解釋，A組動(dòng)詞均不為連系動(dòng)詞：

*(l)Please be at the blackboard.

*(2)Be to Pagel6.

*(3)He was if his duty to help others.

*(4)Be me some ink.

*(5)Such words are not a scholar.

*(6)The black key on the piano won't be.

*(7)I am sure I am gas.

*(8)He was too weak to be.

*(9)He is to school early every morning.

*(10)I was 3 weeks in Paris.

另外半連系動(dòng)詞是由實(shí)意動(dòng)詞變來的。所以把含有半連系動(dòng)詞的句子改為疑問句時(shí)，一定要用助動(dòng)詞。

例如：1. Do they look tired?

2.Has she got ready?

3.Did it become much more expensive to travel abroad?

不論完全連系動(dòng)詞或半連系動(dòng)詞，它們都有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，但有些半連系動(dòng)詞從形式上看像是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，實(shí)際上并不表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。而是表示“漸漸”的意思或表示一種感情色彩。

(1)It's getting warmer and warmer.天漸漸暖和起來了。

(2)Are you feeling better now?你現(xiàn)在好點(diǎn)了嗎?

因?yàn)榘脒B系動(dòng)詞本屬于不及物動(dòng)詞，所以沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

如不能說：* Good medicine is tasted bitter to the mouth.應(yīng)說：

Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良藥苦口。

半連系動(dòng)詞的教學(xué)還是個(gè)較困難的問題，但在初學(xué)階段用先比較，再替換的方法，還是能使學(xué)生掌握哪些實(shí)意動(dòng)詞可充當(dāng)半連系動(dòng)詞，收到事半功倍的效果。

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