狀語(yǔ)從句
一、定義
在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語(yǔ)稱作狀語(yǔ)從句，它可以用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)(包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，或是整個(gè)句子。
二、狀語(yǔ)從句一般分為八大類
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
原因狀語(yǔ)從句 目的狀語(yǔ)從句
結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 條件狀語(yǔ)從句
方式狀語(yǔ)從句 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
When ---當(dāng)……時(shí)候, 通常指某一特定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
When I opened the window, I saw him come up.
When --- 正在……的時(shí)候，突然…。通常主句是進(jìn)行時(shí)或 be about to 時(shí)，在翻譯的時(shí)候，when 可以譯成沒(méi)想到或突然。
I was walking along the street , when I met him.
When 當(dāng)從句是進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句是一般時(shí)，往往表示不滿。
Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.
When=after
When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.
While ---在……期間，往往指一段時(shí)間。
While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.
While ---表示一種不滿情緒，意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等。
We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.
As --- 一邊……一邊, 隨著
She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music
As --- 當(dāng)……時(shí)，指一個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生，從句通常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。
As I was going out, it began to rain.
The moment --- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately,
---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.
Not… until --- 直到……才
He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.
Before --- 在……之前
The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.
After ---在…… 之后
The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.
Since ---自從……, 通常主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.
It is just a week since we arrived here.
As soon as --- 一……就……
Jack went to school as soon as he got well.
No sooner than --- 一……就……
no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒裝
Hardly …when…
Scarcely …when…
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
Once --- 一但……就……
Once you see him, you will never forget him.
Every time, each time 每次 whenever 每當(dāng)
Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.
2. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：
If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 據(jù)……所知，in case萬(wàn)一, provided that假如, on condition that若是，以…為條件
If ---如果
If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.
Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if not
We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight
As long as --- 只要
We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.
As (so) far as --- 據(jù)……所知
As far as I know, he speaks English very well.
In case --- 假使, 如果
The plane cannot take off in case it rains.
Provided that 如果,有時(shí)省略 that
The plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully
On condition that --- 條件是…
He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.
注:主從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來(lái)時(shí)，則主句用將來(lái)時(shí), 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.
3. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句只有兩個(gè)連詞: Where, wherever
Where --- 在……地方
Where there is a will, there is a way
Wherever --- 無(wú)論哪里
Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.
4. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句
because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 這六個(gè)連詞都用于表示表示原因, 但在語(yǔ)氣上一個(gè)比一個(gè)弱
Because --- 因?yàn)?通常從句放在主句后.
Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage
As --- 因?yàn)? 通常放在句首
As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.
Since ---既然 因語(yǔ)氣較弱, 常譯為既然(眾所周知的原因)
Since everybody has come, we can set off.
Now that --- 既然
Now that you are here, you can join us.
considering that --- 顧及到
Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.
seeing that --- 由于
Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.
5. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：that, so that, so…that…
such…that So… that --- 太……以至于 so 后面應(yīng)用形容詞或副詞, 有時(shí)省略so只用that
Boeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb噴氣炸彈.
So that --- 因而，以便，為了 有時(shí)so 可以省去
Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.
Such …that… ---太……以至于 用法與so…that相同，但such 后面應(yīng)用名詞。
The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.
6. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的主要連詞有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest
(So) that --- 以便, 從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等
Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.
in order that --- 為了, 與so that 相同從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等
School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.
for fear that --- 生怕; 為了防止(某事發(fā)生)
He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.
in case --- 萬(wàn)一
You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.
Lest --- 以防萬(wàn)一
The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.
7. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether.
Although, though ---雖然 although 和though 可以互換，但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒裝。
Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off.
Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed
As --- 盡管 as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子通常倒裝�？膳cthough 互換。
Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.
Even if /even though ---即使
Even if you don’t like your boss, you should do your work.
However --- 不論， however 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子通常倒裝
He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove.
No matter (what, when, where, how) ---無(wú)論(什么，何時(shí)，何地，怎樣)
He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.
Whatever --- 不管
Whatever other people may say, she won’t change her mind.
While ---盡管
While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you.
Whether ---不管，常與or not 連用
Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad
8. 方式狀語(yǔ)從句
方式狀語(yǔ)從句常由: as, as if, as thoug
as ---與…… 一樣
Do in Rome as the Romans do
as if, as though --- 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引導(dǎo)的從句中可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.
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