來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2022-12-05 20:34:34
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),是英語(yǔ)中,動(dòng)詞的一種基本時(shí)態(tài),其構(gòu)成為:主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞(have/has)+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他成分。表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或者剛剛終止,或者可能仍然要繼續(xù)下去。(與since,for連用時(shí),要用連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,不可用瞬間動(dòng)詞,但連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞常常表示動(dòng)作會(huì)進(jìn)行下去)
也可以表示某種經(jīng)歷。
但注意,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所應(yīng)用的語(yǔ)境必須是現(xiàn)在(now等狀語(yǔ)的提示或者根據(jù)上下文、語(yǔ)境)的,不能應(yīng)用在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境(如出現(xiàn)明確表示是在過(guò)去某一個(gè)時(shí)刻的狀語(yǔ))
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“have/has been +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成的。
He is ill. He's been lying in bed for three weeks.
他病了,已經(jīng)臥床3個(gè)星期了。
Your eyes are red. Have you been crying?
你眼睛紅了。你剛剛哭過(guò)了嗎?
What have you been doing all this time?
這半天你干什么來(lái)著?
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
①表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常和all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等狀語(yǔ)以及since和for引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)連用。
I have been reading Hemingway's Farewell to Arms recently.
我最近一直在讀海明威的《永別了,武器》。
She has been reciting the words all the morning.
她整個(gè)上午都在背單詞。
This is what I have been expecting since my childhood.
這是我從小以來(lái)就一直期待著的事情。
②表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束
My clothes are all wet. I've been working in the rain.
我的衣服全濕了,我剛才一直在雨中干活。
He is dead drunk. He's been drinking with his friends.
他爛醉如泥,他剛才一直在和朋友們喝酒。
③表示一個(gè)近期內(nèi)時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)、重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
You've been saying that for five years.
這話你已經(jīng)說(shuō)了五年了。
He has been writing articles to the newspapers and magazines since he became a teacher.
自從任教以來(lái),他一直在為報(bào)刊雜志撰稿。
④表達(dá)較重的感情色彩
What have you been doing to my dictionary?
看你把我的字典弄成什么樣子了!
Time has been flying so quickly!
時(shí)間過(guò)得可真快啊!
Too much has been happening today.
今天可真是個(gè)多事的日子。
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較
①現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù),而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不表示重復(fù)性。
Have you been meeting him recently?
你最近常和他見(jiàn)面嗎?
Have you met him recently?
你最近見(jiàn)到過(guò)他嗎?
②現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)含有感情色彩,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般是平鋪直敘。
I have been waiting for you for two hours.
我一直等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(可能表示不滿)
I have waited for you for two hours.
我等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí))
③現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。
Who has been eating the oranges?
誰(shuí)一直在吃這些桔子呀?(還剩余一些)
Who has eaten the oranges?
誰(shuí)把桔子吃光了?(強(qiáng)調(diào)吃得一個(gè)不剩)
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