2023年初中英語語法：有關(guān)副詞的重要注釋

有關(guān)副詞的重要注釋：

⑴ as…as…常構(gòu)成一些詞組：as soon as…(一旦…就…), as well as…(同樣), as+形容詞/副詞+as possible(盡可能……地)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(請你一到北京就給我寫信。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐盡快地趕到了校門口。)

[注釋] “as long / much as + 名詞”可以表示“長達/多達…”的含義。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花費高達50萬元。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他們呆在山洞里長達兩周。)

⑵ later、after、ago、before的用法：①“一段時間+later/ago”分別表示“(多久)以后/以前”,主要用于過去時態(tài)。②“after/before+某個時刻”分別表示“在某時刻之后/之前”,此時兩個詞是介詞。③ago與before：ago只能用于過去時,before用于完成時。如：He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一個事故)/ Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(數(shù)年后這個男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/ Have you been there before?(你從前到過那兒嗎?)/ After a few years he gave up smoking.(過了幾年他戒了煙。)

⑶ above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低處用over和under.如：The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高掛在空中) / A plane flew over quickly.(一架飛機從頭頂飛過。)

當above、below、over、under是介詞性質(zhì)時,意義相似。

⑷ too、also、either、nor的用法：too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑問句的末尾,且用逗號隔開;also(“也”)用于肯定句句子謂語動詞之前;either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗號隔開;nor(“也不”)用于倒裝句句首;如：Are you American,too?(你也是美國人嗎?)/ He is not happy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。) / He didn’t watch the football game. Nor did I.(他沒有看足球賽,我也沒有。)/ You can also find the market is very good.(你還可以發(fā)覺那個市場很好。)

⑸ enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough (“足夠,十分”)放在形容詞或副詞之后;too(“太”)、very(“非常”)、quite(“相當”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容詞或副詞之前,very much(“非常”)放在動詞之后。如：It’s too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太貴/那么貴/非常貴/相當貴。)/ I don’t like sweets very much.(我不很喜歡糖果)

[注意] very與 much的區(qū)別：very修飾形容詞、副詞的原級和現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞,much修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級;much還可以修飾疑問句和否定句中的動詞,very不可以。如：He is very stupid.(他很笨)/ The film was very moving and everyone swept.(電影非常動人,大家都哭了)/ You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.(你得學(xué)習(xí)更努力,不然你考不進那所好學(xué)校)/ I don’t like him much.(我不太喜歡他)

⑹ sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法：sometimes(有時)用于一般現(xiàn)在時、 sometime(在將來某時)用于將來時、 some times(數(shù)次)表示次數(shù)、some time(一些時間)表示一段時間。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他們有時徒步旅行到山里去)/ I will stay here some time.(我會在這兒呆些時候的。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什么時候要見見你的父親。)

⑺ how、what用于感嘆句的用法：對句子中的形容詞或副詞感嘆時用how,對人或事物(可能含有形容詞作修飾語)進行感嘆用what. 如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天氣真好!) / How difficult (the problem is)!((問題)真難呀!)

⑻ already、yet的用法：在完成時中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑問句。如：Have you done it already?(你已經(jīng)做好了?) / I have not had my breakfast yet.(我還沒有吃早飯呢。)

⑼ hard與hardly的用法：hard作為副詞意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定詞,意思是：“幾乎不”,一般與情態(tài)動詞can/could連用。如：They study English very hard.(他們英語學(xué)得很刻苦)/ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共場所你幾乎看不到一個人隨地吐痰)

⑽ like...very much、like...better(=prefer)、like...best的用法：三個短語分別表示“非常喜歡”、“更喜歡”、“最喜歡”。如：I like baseball very much.(我非常喜歡棒球)/ Do you like butter better than cheese?( / They like hamburgers best.

⑾“quite/what+a+形容詞+名詞”的用法：記住：①quite/such/what...+a+形容詞+名詞;②too/so/how+形容詞+a+名詞;③rather+a+形容詞+名詞 = a+ rather+形容詞+名詞。如：I have never seen such a strange guy(家伙).(我從未見過這樣奇怪的家伙) / It is quite a nice day for a walk.(這真是散步的好日子)

⑿ how 的幾個短語：how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般時態(tài),對表示頻度的詞語進行提問; how soon“多久以后”,用于將來時態(tài); how long“多久”,用于過去時、完成時或其他時態(tài); how many times“多少次”,用于過去時或完成時,對總計次數(shù)進行提問; how much“多么,多少”,對程度進行提問,也可以對數(shù)量(不可數(shù))或金錢進行提問。如：How long have you been like this?(你這樣已經(jīng)多久了?)/ How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次臉?)

⒀ much、more與most的用法：這三個詞除了是形容詞作名詞的修飾語之外,還是程度副詞,much表示“很”,修飾原級形/副,more表示“更”用來構(gòu)成多音節(jié)形/副的比較級,most表示“最”用來構(gòu)成多音節(jié)形/副的最高級。此外,much也可以修飾比較級形/副。如：This park is much more beautiful than that one.(這個公園比那個漂亮多了)/ It is the most instructive film I have ever seen.(這是我看過的最有教育意義的電影)

⒁ no more、no longer、not...any more、no...any longer的用法：表示時間,可以用no longer、not...ny more、no...any longer,而且no longer只能放在謂語動詞之前;表示程度,可以用no more、not...any more.如：He no longer lived there.(他不再住在那里) / Tom wanted no more cakes.(他不想再要蛋糕) / He didn’ t smoke any more/longer.(他不再抽煙)

⒂ 被動語態(tài)中,方式副詞一般放在be與謂語動詞之間。如： The runner was badly hurt.(賽跑運動員受了重傷) / English is widely spoken in the world today.(如今世界上英語說得很廣泛)

⒃ too...to...與so...that...的問題：副詞too/so后面跟形容詞或副詞,to后面跟動詞,that后面跟從句。Too...to... (“太.……以致不……”)是否定的結(jié)構(gòu),用于簡單句;so...that...(“如此…以致…”)是肯定結(jié)構(gòu),用于復(fù)合句。如：The child is too young to join the army.(這孩子年齡太小還不能參軍)/ He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.(他這么強壯,搬得動那個重箱子。)

⒄ 既是形容詞也是副詞的單詞有：early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。如：It was a long holiday.(那是個長假)/ He stayed there very long.(他在那兒呆了好久)/ Think hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就會找到辦法)/ He is a very hard(難對付的) person.(他是個難玩的家伙)

⒅ farther與further的用法區(qū)別：表示地點、方向或距離時兩個詞同義,意思為“更遠、較遠”,但是further還表示“更多、進一步、額外”等意思,此時不能換為farther. 如：They decided to go farther/further the next day.(他們決定第二天走得再遠些)/ This problem will be further discussed.(這個問題還要進一步討論)/ Every one of them had their further studies after they left college.(他們每個人大學(xué)畢業(yè)后繼續(xù)進修)

⒆ rather與quite的用法區(qū)別：同very一樣,兩個詞都表示形容詞或副詞的程度,quite表示“不到最高程度但是比預(yù)料的好”,rather比quite更接近very的含義,含有令人驚訝的意思。見下圖對“nice”程度的描繪：

not nice (fairly) nice quite nicerather nice very nice

如：It’s quite a nice film.(這是部好片子)。(可能意味著不是一部最好的電影) / It’s rather a nice film.(這是部很不錯的電影。)(意味著比大多數(shù)電影都好)

[注意]注意quite與rather后面的次序詞序。

⒇ maybe、possibly、perhaps的區(qū)別：maybe“可能、也許”,比另外兩個詞更不正式、更隨便、可能性不大;possibly“可能地、或者、也許”,可能性較大,在否定句和疑問句中表示“無論如何”;perhaps“可能”,較為常用而且正式,可能性也不大。如：You could put it over there,maybe.(也許你可以把它放在那邊) / I couldn’t possibly have finished such a long book in such a short time.(我不可能在這么短的時間內(nèi)完成這么長的一本書)/ I thought perhaps it was the letter you have been expecting.(我以為那也許就是你期盼的信件)

(21) most、mostly的區(qū)別：most作為形容詞和名詞時意思是“大多數(shù)的、大部分的”,作為副詞時意思為“最,十分、很”;mostly僅為副詞,意思為“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。如：I was at home most of the time when I was free.(我有空時大部分時間都在家)Most children are naughty.(大部分的孩子都淘氣)/ This is the most exciting part of the film.(這是電影中最令人興奮的部分)/She is mostly out on Sundays.(星期天她一般不在家)

(22) (be) worth、(be) worthy of的區(qū)別：worth一般被看作是介詞,后面接名詞或者動名詞,用主動表示被動含義,還可以用副詞well修飾;worthy of表示“值得的、配得上的”,后面跟動名詞的被動形式。如：What is worth doing at all is worth doing well(凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做). / The house is worth ￥300,000.(房子價值30萬元)/ This book is well worth reading several times.(這本書值得好好讀幾遍)/ It is a thing worthy of being seen.(這是一個值得看的東西)

(23)almost、nearly的區(qū)別：兩個詞意思相近,都表示“幾乎、將近”,大多數(shù)情況下可以互換,與否定詞連用時用almost不用nearly. almost no 相當于hardly any(幾乎沒有)。如：He had done almost nothing today.(他今天幾乎沒有干什么) / We are almost/nearly there.(我們幾乎就到那里了)/ Almost nobody/Hardly anybody understood his words.(幾乎沒有人懂他的話)

(24) a bit與a little的區(qū)別：這兩個名詞短語經(jīng)常當作副詞使用,修飾形容詞或副詞的原級或比較級,可以互換,語氣比rather弱。如：This digital camera is a bit(a little) expensive.(這臺數(shù)碼相機有點貴)/ It is a little(a bit) colder than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷了點)

另外,a little可以直接加不可數(shù)名詞,a bit 則采用“a bit + of +名詞(不可數(shù)或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))”的形式。如：I have got a bit of a cold.(我有點感冒)/ Go and get a little water for me, please.(請你去給我搞點水來)

[注意] not a bit(=not at all)意為“根本不”,而 not a little則意為“非常,不是一點”。

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