來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-01-12 17:35:09
1、一個(gè)句子應(yīng)該用什么時(shí)態(tài)只能取決于它需要表達(dá)的意思,以及它所處的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。例如:
He speaks English .(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的經(jīng)常性。)
He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .(一般過(guò)去時(shí),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。)
He is speaking English.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。)
He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),這里說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的總和。)
He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. (現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性。)
2、在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí),那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)時(shí);如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
例如:I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.
I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.
3、 有些動(dòng)詞表示無(wú)法持續(xù)的動(dòng)作,它們一般不宜用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有:be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。
Be動(dòng)詞若是用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),可表示暫時(shí)、短暫的情況或表現(xiàn)。例如:
Tom is being a good boy today .湯姆今天很乖。
He is being childish .他這樣做是耍孩子氣。
You are not being modest .你這樣說(shuō)不太謙虛。
4、關(guān)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)問(wèn)題
A. 凡是"完成時(shí)態(tài)"都表示,不知道也不管動(dòng)作發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間, 所以在使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里,不可以帶有表示具體過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),如:yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等;但常和有些副詞連用,如: just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。
B. 在以when提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)中不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。另外,ago不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里,因?yàn)樗硎緩默F(xiàn)在算起的以前某個(gè)時(shí)間,屬于表示具體過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。但是可以用before 來(lái)表示"以前"的意義,因?yàn)樗槐硎?quot;以前",而不知什么時(shí)候的以前。
C. 如果是不表示連續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子,不可以和以for表示的"一段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)連用。在這種情況下,應(yīng)該用"It has been … ;since…"的句式來(lái)表達(dá)。如:
He has joined the army for five years. (錯(cuò)誤)
It has been five years since he joined the army.(正確)
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