來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-01-24 19:42:48
溶液的稀釋和濃縮
1.關(guān)于溶液稀釋的計(jì)算:
(1)溶液稀釋前后,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量不變。
(2)若設(shè)濃溶液質(zhì)量為A g,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為a%,加水稀釋成溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為b%的稀溶液B g,則
A g×a%=Bg×b%(其中B=A+m水)
2.關(guān)于溶液濃縮(無溶質(zhì)析出)的計(jì)算:
(1)向原溶液中添加溶質(zhì):溶液增加溶質(zhì)前后,溶劑的質(zhì)量不變。增加溶質(zhì)后,溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量=原溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量+增加的溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量,而溶液的質(zhì)量=原溶液的質(zhì)量+增加的溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量。若設(shè)原溶液質(zhì)量為A g,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為a%,加溶質(zhì)Bg后變成溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為b%的溶液,則
Ag×a%+Bg=(A g+Bg)×b%。
(2)將原溶液蒸發(fā)掉部分溶劑:溶液蒸發(fā)溶劑前后,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量不變。若設(shè)原溶液質(zhì)量為A g,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為a%,蒸發(fā)Bg水后變成溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為b%的溶液,則
Ag×a%=(Ag一Bg)×b%。
(3)與濃溶液混合:混合后溶液的總質(zhì)量等于兩混合溶液的質(zhì)量之和,混合后溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量等于兩混合溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量之和。若設(shè)原溶液質(zhì)量為 A g,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為a%,濃溶液質(zhì)量為B g,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為b%,兩溶液混合后得到溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為c%的溶液,則
Ag×a%+B g× b%=(Ag+Bg)×c%。
歡迎使用手機(jī)、平板等移動(dòng)設(shè)備訪問中考網(wǎng),2024中考一路陪伴同行!>>點(diǎn)擊查看