2023年初中英語延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中的使用

延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中的使用。

(1)有一些動詞是瞬間動詞，也叫非延續(xù)性動詞，這些動詞一發(fā)生就結(jié)束了，常見的有：come, go, arrive, reach, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow, get up, become, open, stop等。這些動詞雖然可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(說明某個動作的結(jié)果還存在)，但由于它們不能延續(xù)，因此不能跟表示一段的時間狀語連用。(也即現(xiàn)在完成時的第二個基本用法中不能使用非延續(xù)性動詞)。

e.g. Jim has come back. (正)吉姆已經(jīng)回來了。

Jim has come back for a month. (誤) come back的動作不能延續(xù)一個月，因此錯誤。

(2)瞬間動詞不可以用于有段時間的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中，因此，若要解決這一問題，就應(yīng)把它改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞或短語，主要有以下幾種：

①用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞

如：buy → have borrow → keep come/go/become → be put on → wear catch a cold → have a cold②轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞

如：join → be a member of go to school → be a student③轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞

如：die → be dead leave → be away begin → be on finish → be over fall asleep — be asleep open → be open get up → be up close → closed④轉(zhuǎn)換成be+介詞短語

如：come to/go to/arrive in (at)/get to/reach …→ be in/at… join the army → be in the army(軍隊(duì))

e.g. I have borrowed the book.我已經(jīng)借了那本書。

I have kept the book for two days.我已經(jīng)借那本書兩天了。

Jim has joined the band.吉姆已經(jīng)加入那樂隊(duì)了。

Jim has been a member of the band for a month.吉姆已經(jīng)加入那個樂隊(duì)一個月了。

His grandfather has died.他祖父已經(jīng)死了。

His grandfather has been dead for 2 years.他祖父已經(jīng)死了兩年了。

My father has arrived in China.我父親已經(jīng)到達(dá)中國了。

My father has been in China for a week.我父親已經(jīng)在中國一個星期了。

(3)在否定句中，非延續(xù)性動詞也可以與時間段連用。

e.g. I haven’t borrowed books from the library since last year.自去年以來我就沒有在圖書館借過書。

Jim hasn’t come back for a year.吉姆已有一年沒回來了。

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