來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-03-31 11:43:05
1、溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù):
溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量與溶液質(zhì)量的比值叫做溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)。
2、表達(dá)式:
溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=(溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量/溶液質(zhì)量)*100% = [溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量/(溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量+溶劑質(zhì)量]*100%
3、關(guān)系式:
溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量=溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)*溶液質(zhì)量=(溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量+溶劑質(zhì)量)*溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)
注意
①溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)一般用百分?jǐn)?shù)表示。
②溶質(zhì)、溶劑、溶液量均以質(zhì)量為單位表示,單位要統(tǒng)一
③溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量是指全部溶解在溶劑中的質(zhì)量,不包括未溶解的或結(jié)晶析出的物質(zhì)的質(zhì)量
④某溫度下,溶劑或溶液中加的溶質(zhì)超過飽和狀態(tài)時(shí),所得溶液的最大濃度可以用該溫度下的溶解度求,
溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=(S/S+100)*100%=【已溶解的量/(溶劑質(zhì)量+已溶解的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量)】*100%
2、溶液的稀釋和增濃問題
(1)關(guān)于溶液的稀釋計(jì)算:因?yàn)橄♂屒昂笕苜|(zhì)的質(zhì)量不變,所以若設(shè)濃溶液質(zhì)量為Ag,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為a%,加水稀釋成溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為b%的稀溶液Bg,則Ag×a%=Bg×b%其中B=A+m水
(2)溶液增濃的計(jì)算
①向原溶液中添加溶質(zhì):設(shè)原溶液質(zhì)量為Ag,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為a%,加溶質(zhì)Bg后變成溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為b%溶液,則Ag×a%+Bg=(Ag+Bg)×b%
②將原溶液蒸發(fā)掉部分溶劑:因?yàn)槿芤赫舭l(fā)溶劑前后,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量不變。所以若設(shè)原溶液質(zhì)量為Ag,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為a%,蒸發(fā)Bg水后變成溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為b%溶液,則
Ag×a%=(Ag-Bg)×b%
③與濃溶液混合:因?yàn)榛旌衔锶芤旱目傎|(zhì)量等于兩混合組分溶液的質(zhì)量之和;旌虾蟮娜芤褐腥苜|(zhì)的質(zhì)量等于兩混合組分的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量之和。所以設(shè)原溶液質(zhì)量為Ag,溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為a%,濃溶液的質(zhì)量為Bg,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為b%,兩溶液混合后得到溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為c%的溶液,則Ag×a%+Bg×b%=(Ag+Bg)×c%
注意
溶液的質(zhì)量和體積換算:密度=質(zhì)量/體積
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