連詞的分類
主要分為兩類:并列連詞和從屬連詞。
并列連詞
1)表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞有:and, both...and..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等。
To make our dreams come true, we are supposed to set goals ______ then try our best to achieve them.
A. or B. and C. but
2)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞有:but,yet,however,while等
Money is very important ______ it’s not the most important thing.
A. or B. and C. so D. But
3)表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞有:or, or else, either...or...,otherwise等。
—I am tired.—Stop working and have a good rest, _____ you’ll get ill.
A. or B. but C. and
4)表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有:so, for, therefore等。
注意:for和because在表示“原因”時(shí)意思基本相同, 一般可以互相代用。because引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在主句后, 有時(shí)也可放在主句前, 而for引導(dǎo)的句子只能放在主句后。另外在回答Why的問句時(shí), 只能用because不能用for。
從屬連詞
1) 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞有:when,while,as,after,before, since, until, as soon as等。
注意:在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)中,while后只能接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,when后既可以接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可以接非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
【例句】
I was doing my homework while/when my brother was playing computer games.
注意:
Since 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),(1)時(shí)間點(diǎn);(2)一段時(shí)間+ago; (3)從句
Not until 位于句首要倒裝
as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則
2) 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有:because, as, since等。
3) 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞有:where,wherever等。
4) 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有:if, unless, in case, as long as等。
—Emma failed her exams. I think she should work harder.
—I agree. ______ she does, she’ll get good grades.
A. If B. Because C. Before D. Though
5)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有:so that, in order that等。
6)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有:though, although, even though, however等。
Mary spends a lot of money on clothes ______ her family is not rich.
A. because B. though C. if D. so
7) 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有:as, as if, as though等。
8)引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的從屬連詞有:as, as...as..., not so...as..., than等。
注意:as ...as 中跟形容詞/副詞原級,到底是形容詞還是副詞,取決于as前的動(dòng)詞。
as...as既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于否定句。但是so...as只能用于否定。
9)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有:so, so...that..., such...that...等。
—Did you catch what the teacher said?
—No. She spoke _______fast that I couldn’t hear her very clearly.
A. which B. so C. such D. since
注意:such 是形容詞,修飾名詞或名詞短語,so是副詞,只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many,few,much,little連用,形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many,但 a lot of 修飾名詞時(shí),只能與such搭配。
10) 引導(dǎo)賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句的從屬連詞有:that, if, whether, what, when, why, where, how等。
注意:
if有兩個(gè)意思,作“是否”講時(shí),引導(dǎo)由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)變而來的賓語從句; 作“如果,假如”講時(shí),引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn):
在否定句中,并列結(jié)構(gòu)用or 連接,但含有兩個(gè)否定詞的句子實(shí)際上被看作是肯定結(jié)構(gòu),要用and連接。
3.because“因?yàn)?rdquo;,so“所以”不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中,只能用其一。(al)though“雖然”,but“但是”也不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中。
4.句型both...and的用法連接主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
句型not only...but also...的用法
①連接兩個(gè)成分,其謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)就近原則,與所靠近的成分保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。
、谶B接兩個(gè)句子
not only…but also…可以連接兩個(gè)句子,not only位于句首時(shí),not only后的句子要倒裝。
句型either...or..., neither...nor...的用法
either...or..., neither...nor...連接主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞也采用就近原則。