來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-08-16 14:42:30
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要適用于下面幾種情況:
1.表示截止現(xiàn)在已完成的動(dòng)作
By now, I have collected all the data that I need.
到現(xiàn)在為止,我已收集到了我所需的全部資料。
She has read 150 pages today.
她今天已看了150頁(yè)。
We haven't met for many years.
我們已多年沒(méi)見(jiàn)了。
They have developed a new product.
他們研制成功了一種新產(chǎn)品。
2.表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去而對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響、帶來(lái)結(jié)果的動(dòng)作
Have you had your dinner?
你吃晚飯了嗎?
She has been to the United States.
她已去美國(guó)了。
You have grown much taller.
你長(zhǎng)高了許多。
3.
It has been five years since he joined the army .
他參軍五年了。
They have learned English for eight years .
他們已學(xué)了八年的英語(yǔ)了。
So far we've only discussed the first five chapters.
至今我們還只討論了前五章。
需要注意的幾點(diǎn):
(1)一個(gè)句子應(yīng)該用什么時(shí)態(tài)只能取決于它需要表達(dá)的意思,以及它所處的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。例如:
He speaks English.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的經(jīng)常性)
He spoke English when he was in New Zealand.(一般過(guò)去時(shí),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間)
He is speaking English.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)
He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),這里說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的總和)
He has been speaking English since he came to the USA.(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性)
(2)在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí),那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)時(shí);如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
例如:I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.
I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.
(3)有些動(dòng)詞表示無(wú)法持續(xù)的動(dòng)作,它們一般不宜用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。這類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有:be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。
Be動(dòng)詞若是用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),可表示暫時(shí)、短暫的情況或表現(xiàn)。例如:
Tom is being a good boy today .
湯姆今天很乖。
He is being childish .
他這樣做是耍孩子氣。
You are not being modest .
你這樣說(shuō)不太謙虛。
(4)關(guān)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)問(wèn)題:
A. 凡是"完成時(shí)態(tài)"都表示,不知道也不管動(dòng)作發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間, 所以在使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里,不可以帶有表示具體過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),如:yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等;但常和有些副詞連用,如: just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。
B. 在以when提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)中不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。另外,ago不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里,因?yàn)樗硎緩默F(xiàn)在算起的以前某個(gè)時(shí)間,屬于表示具體過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。但是可以用before 來(lái)表示"以前"的意義,因?yàn)樗槐硎?quot;以前",而不知什么時(shí)候的以前。
C. 如果是不表示連續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子,不可以和以for表示的"一段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)連用。在這種情況下,應(yīng)該用"It has been … ;since…"的句式來(lái)表達(dá)。如:
He has joined the army for five years. (錯(cuò)誤)
It has been five years since he joined the army.(正確)
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