英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。那么，英語(yǔ)過去將來時(shí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn)是怎樣的呢?下面為您講解一下。
一、定義
過去將來時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)中。過去將來時(shí)常用“would +動(dòng)詞原形”或“was / were going to +動(dòng)詞原形”來表達(dá)。
過去將來時(shí)的基本特征，也就是我么年今天所談到的“立足過去，著眼未來”。它表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的某個(gè)動(dòng)作或存在的某種狀態(tài)。
例如：Mary told me that she would go to Shanghai by plane.瑪麗告訴我說她將要坐飛機(jī)去上海。
二、用法
1. 表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
I didn’t know when he would go to the park.
He said that he would wait for me at the school gate.
此種情況常用于賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)中。用“was / were going to +動(dòng)詞原形”，“was / were about to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
She told me she was going to fly to Yunnan.
I was about to leave the house when the telephone rang.
和一般將來時(shí)一樣，也可用相應(yīng)的其他形式表示。
2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)可用來表示過去將來。
He said the train was leaving at
five the next morning. He said he was coming to see me.
常見于come, go等瞬間動(dòng)詞。
(1)基本構(gòu)成——
A ) would +動(dòng)詞原形
如：He asked me if I would stay here.他問我是否要待在這兒。
B ) was / were going to +動(dòng)詞原形
如：No one knew when he was going to finish his homework.沒有人知道他什么時(shí)候會(huì)完成作業(yè)。
C ) was/ were ( about ) to +動(dòng)詞原形
如：He said that they were to leave at six.他說他們將于6點(diǎn)動(dòng)身。
She said that the meeting was about to begin.她說會(huì)議就要開始了
D) come, go, arrive, leave, die等瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞，用在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中表示過去將來。
如：She told us that she was leaving for Yunnan.她告訴我們她將要去云南。
(2)基本用法——
A )主句為過去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句常表示將要發(fā)生的事情。
如：Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years.沒有人知道一百年之后將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。
We wanted to know whether she was going to speak at the meeting.我們想知道她是否準(zhǔn)備在會(huì)上發(fā)言。
B )在敘述過去的事情或事情發(fā)生的經(jīng)過時(shí)，用過去將來時(shí)表示在當(dāng)時(shí)看將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事。
如：It was a Sunday afternoon. A young woman named Maria had just left school.
一個(gè)星期天的下午，一位名叫瑪麗亞的年輕人剛離開學(xué)校。
He was going to start to work the next week, so she decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes.因?yàn)樗郎?zhǔn)備下周開始工作，所以，決定買些新衣服和一雙新鞋子。
C )過去將來時(shí)還可以用來表示非真實(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
如：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Harvard University.如果我有機(jī)會(huì)出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的話，我就會(huì)去哈佛大學(xué)。
I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.今晚他能和我一起去看電影就好了。
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