來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-09-23 23:15:50
連詞是一種虛詞,它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接單詞與單詞、短語與短語或句子與句子作用,一般不重讀。連詞主要分為兩類:并列連詞和從屬連詞。
一、連詞的分類
1
1)簡單連詞。如:
and和;or或者;but但是;for因?yàn)?if如果;since既然;unless如果不;
although盡管
2)關(guān)聯(lián)連詞。如:
both…and… ……和……都;not only...but also... 不僅……而且……;
neither…nor…既不……也不……;whether…or… 無論是……還是……
3)分詞連詞。如:
provided如果;assuming假定;given假如;seeing因?yàn)?/p>
4)短語連詞
as if仿佛;as though仿佛;even if即使;as long as只要;in case以免,萬一;now that既然;so that以便,以致
2
(1)并列連詞。如:
and和;or或者;but但是;while然而
二、并列連詞
并列連詞表示單詞、短語、從句或句子間有并列關(guān)系。分為:表平行或?qū)Φ汝P(guān)系(并列關(guān)系)的連詞、表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞、表選擇關(guān)系的連詞、表因果推理關(guān)系等的連詞。
1.表示并列關(guān)系(平行或?qū)Φ汝P(guān)系)的并列連詞。如:
and “和”;both…and…“……和……兩個都” ;as well as“也”;not only…but also…“不但……而且……”;not…but…“不是……而是……”;neither…nor…“既不……也不……”
e.g. My mother bought me a present, and I like it very much.
我媽媽買了一件禮物給我,我很喜歡。
He can speak not only English but also French.
他會說英語還會說法語。
2.表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞。如:
but“但是”;yet“然而”;while“而”;however“然而”;whereas“然而”
e.g. Lucy likes red while Lily likes white.
露西喜歡紅的,然而莉莉喜歡白的。
3.表選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞。如:
or“或者”;either…or…“要么……要么……”
注:由or 連接的句子可以轉(zhuǎn)換為有否定條件構(gòu)成的主從復(fù)合句。
Eg:Study hard,or you’ll fail the exam.
=If you don’t study hard, you’ll fail the exam.
努力學(xué)習(xí),否則你考試會失敗的。
Either you or he goes.“要么你去,要么他去”。
4.表因果關(guān)系的并列連詞。如:so “所以,因此”; for “因?yàn)?rdquo;
e.g. Kate was ill soshe didn’t go to school.
凱特病了所以沒去學(xué)校。
He may be ill,forhe is absent from the meeting today.
他可能生病了,因?yàn)樗?今天沒來開會。
I have to stay up,for I have lots of homework to do.
我必須熬夜,因?yàn)槲矣泻芏嘧鳂I(yè)。
【中考考點(diǎn)】
1
1)because(因?yàn)?,so(所以)不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子里,只能用其一。
e.g. Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk here.
=He was tired, so he couldn’t walk there.
因?yàn)樗芾,所以走不到這里。
2)although/though(雖然),but(但是)不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子里,只能用其一。但although/though和yet 可以同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子里(yet 用作副詞)
e.g. Though he was tired, he still worked hard.
=He was tired, but he still worked hard.
雖然他很累,但是她仍然堅(jiān)持工作
2
1)當(dāng)列舉成分是主語,又在否定詞之前時,用and連接;而當(dāng)列舉成分在否定詞之后時,用“or”構(gòu)成完全否定.
e.g. I can’t singordance.
我不會唱歌,也不會跳舞。
Lucyandlily can’t speak Chinese.
露西和莉莉都不會說漢語。
2)在否定句中,如果所連接的兩部分都有否定詞那么用“and”而不用“or”
e.g. There is no water and no air on the moon.
月球上沒有水也沒有空氣。
3)在否定句中,without + and;而在肯定句中,without + or,構(gòu)成完全否定。
e.g. Man can’t live without air and water.
=Man will die without air or water.
3
:由either…or….., neither…nor…,not only…but also…連接兩個并列主語時,謂語動詞與較近的主語保持一致。
e.g. Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting you.
不止我父母,連我很也很想見到你。
三、從屬連詞
從屬連詞通常引導(dǎo)一個從句,修飾或說明主句。從屬連詞一般分為引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞和引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞。
1.
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if, whether, because, as if等。如:
I don't thinkthatwe should stay another week.
我認(rèn)為我們不該再待一周。
if
Can you tell mehe can come to my birthday party?
你能告訴我他是否會來參加我的生日派對嗎?
Whether he will come is unknown.
沒人知道他是否要來。
2.
英語中的狀語從句共有九類,這些狀語從句各有其引導(dǎo)詞,有的引導(dǎo)詞可以引導(dǎo)多種類型的狀語從句。
1
引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有when, while, as, after, before, until/till, since, as soon as, once等。如:
When
you came in, I was talking with a few boys.
你進(jìn)來時,我正和幾個小男孩談話。
while
It started to rainwe were playing outdoors.
我們正在室外玩耍時,突然下起了雨。
2
引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有where, wherever。如:
I live where there are mountains.
我住在多山的地方。
If you could go wherever you want to, where would you go?
如果你可以去你想去的任何地方,你會去哪里?
3
引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有because, since, as, now that等。如:
because
We have to go to bed nowwe will start off early tomorrow.
因?yàn)槊魈煲辉缇统霭l(fā),所以我們現(xiàn)在就得睡覺。
As
all the seats were taken, I had to stand.
由于所有的位子都坐滿了人,我只好站著。
4
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有if, unless, as long as等。如:
If you see him, give him this note.
如果你見到他,就把這個便條給他。
as long as
You can use my caryou’re turn it before Friday.
你可以用我的車,只要周五前還回來就行。
5
引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有in order that, so that, in case等。如:
so that
He played the piano very gentlythe baby could not be waken up.
為了不吵醒孩子,他輕輕地彈鋼琴。
6
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有although, though, as, even if, even though等。如:
though
He went to schoolhe was very ill.
盡管他病得很重,但他還是去上學(xué)了 。
7
引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有so...that...,such...that...等。如:
so
My parents are waiting for me,I must be off now.
我父母在等我,所以我現(xiàn)在必須得走了。
8
引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有than, as等。如:
as
Some people think that planes now are not as safetrains(are).
有些人認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的飛機(jī)沒有火車安全。
9
引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有as, as if, as though等。如:
as if
He treated the boyhe were his son.
他對待那個男孩就像自己的兒子一樣 。
【專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】
( ) 1 My aunt asks whether I like a woolen sweater ___ a cotton one.
A. but B. or C. and D. not
( ) 2 Either Mary ___ Lucy told him to come to see us.
A. or B. and C. with D. nor
( ) 3 Hurry up, ____ we'll be late for the film.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
( ) 4 Be quick, ____ we'll be late.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
( ) 5 We ran to the trees, ___ we couldn't see any more monkeys.
A. but B. so C. and D. for
( ) 6 ___ Li Ping ___ Wu Fang ___ League members.
A. Neither; nor; are B. Either; nor; is
C. Both; and; are D.Neither; or; is
( ) 7 You can ____ stay at home ____ go out to play.
A. either; or B. so;that
C. neither; and D.both; and
( ) 8 ____ Wei Hua ___. Ann____ very busy.
A. Both; and; is B. So; and; is
C. Either; or; is D. So;that; are
( ) 9 ___ Monday___ Tuesday is QK, I will be free then.
A. Either; or B. Neither; nor
C. So; that D. Both; and
( ) 10 ___ my brother____ sister are doctors.
A. Not; but B. Neither; nor
C. Both; and D. Either;or
( ) 11 The teacher, as well as his students ___ football.
A. like B. likes C. enjoy D. play
( ) 12 The doctor, along with these nurses____ sent to the country.
A. are B. were C. have D. was
( ) 13 My sister, together with her classmates____ interested in the new book.
A. are B. were C. is D. have
( ) 14 ___ she ___ I know his telephone number, because it has been changed.
A. Both; and B. Either; or
C. Not only; but also D.Neither; nor
( ) 15 ___ Jack ____ Tom watched TV yesterday evening because they were busywith their lessons.
A. Both; and B. Not only; but also
C. Not; but D.Neither; nor
( ) 16 You may sit___ this end___ that end of the boat.
A. neither; nor B. both; and
C. either; or D.between; and
( ) 17 None of the shoes are the right size.
They are ___ too big ____ toosmall.
A. or; or B. either; or
C. neither; or D. both;and
( ) 18 When Lily was three, she could____ read____ write.
A. not; but B. not; and
C. neither; nor D. either; or
( ) 19 We should learn ___from books.___ from workers and farmers.
A. both; and B. either; or
C. neither; nor D. as; as
( ) 20 We went___ to the cinema, ___ to the park.
A. did not; / B. not; but
C. either; or D. both;and
( ) 21 Last week we saw ____ Li Ming ___ Mary.
A. neither; or B. either; nor
C. all; and D.not; but
( ) 22 My mother bought not apples____ two interesting books for me.
A. or B. butC. and D. so
( ) 23 Mr. Zhang felt a little tired, ____ he still went on working.
A. but B. and C. so D. or
( ) 24 Our teacher is very busy, ____ he often help us with our lessons.
A. or B. but C. and D. though
( ) 25 Tom got ill, ___ he still attended the important meeting.
A. so B. because C. but D. nor
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