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來源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-09-26 20:40:38
賓語從句講與練
(一)that引導的賓語從句
在以that引導的賓語從句中，從屬連詞that只起引導作用，在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有實際意義，在口語或非正式文體中常常省略。這種賓語從句的語序和正常的陳述句語序一樣，符合漢語的習慣。
a. 有很多及物動詞如say, think, know, hope, see,hear, remember, mean等后可跟that引導的賓語從句。如：
* Ithink (that) I’ve lost the key.
* Wehope (that) it’s fine tomorrow so that we can go hiking.
*Many foreigners say (that) the Chinese people are very friendly.
b. be +形容詞+that從句
在主句中為動詞be加某些形容詞如sorry, afraid, glad, sure等作表語時，后面可跟that引導賓語從句。如：
* I’mafraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
* Areyou sure you’ve lost the way?
注意：一些表示人的感情的形容詞如happy, glad, pleased, surprised, excited, sorry, afraid等后面可接不定式也可以接that引導的賓語從句，表示產(chǎn)生這種感情的原因。如果主句與從句的主語一致，可以直接接不定式，如果不一致，則只可用that引導的賓語從句。
如：
* Weare surprised to see you here. = We are surprised that we see you here.
* Theteacher is pleased that her students have made great progress in English.
C. 學習賓語從句的用法應注意的問題
a. 當主句為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，賓語從句可根據(jù)實際需要選用不同的時態(tài)。如：
* Doyou know (that) they are waiting for you at the bus stop?
* Ihear he has been back for two days.
b. 當主句為一般過去時態(tài)時，賓語從句也要用過去的時態(tài)。如：
* Ididn’t know that they were waiting for me at the bus stop.
* Wewere surprised that he had already finished his paper.
c. 當think引導否定形式的賓語從句時，習慣上應該將否定詞not移到主句中去否定動詞think，而think后面的賓語從句保持肯定式。如：
* (誤) I think you are not right.
(正) Idon’t think you are right.
* Idon’t think they can come in such bad weather.
Practice 1: 將下列漢語譯成英語
1.他考試及格了，我很高興。
2.我想她一小時后回來。
3.我知道那是真的。
4.那意味著小汽車不能進去嗎?
5.我告訴了他你昨天去了上海。
6. 那時英語老師認為我學習不夠刻苦。
7. 昨天李華告訴我他訂好了兩張機票。
8. 我對他剛才說的話非常感興趣。
參考答案：
1.他考試及格了，我很高興。
I’m very glad that he has passed the exam.
2.我想她一小時后回來。
I think she’ll be/come back in an hour.
3.我知道那是真的。
I know that it’s true.
4.那意味著小汽車不能進去嗎?
Does it mean that cars can’t go in?
5.我告訴了他你昨天去了上海。
I told him that you went to Shanghai yesterday.
6.那時英語老師認為我學習不夠刻苦。
At that time, my English teacher didn’t think I was workinghard enough.
7.昨天李華告訴我他訂好了兩張機票。
Yesterday Li Hua told me that he had booked 2 air tickets.
8.我對他剛才說的話非常剛興趣。
I amvery interested in what he just said.
(二)：由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句
所謂連接代詞和連接副詞就是疑問代詞和疑問副詞，如：who,whose, when, what, which, whom, where, why, how以及由how構(gòu)成的詞組，它們在構(gòu)成疑問句時叫疑問詞。在引導賓語從句時被稱作連接代詞或連接副詞。連接代詞或連接副詞在賓語從句中有含義，擔任相關(guān)句子成分，不能省略。
A. 連接代詞引導的賓語從句
連接代詞有：who,whom, whose, which和what。這些詞在賓語從句中擔任一定的句子成分，充當賓語從句中的主語、賓語、表語或定語等，具有一定的意義。如：
* Idon’t know who will give us a talk this time.
(who在賓語從句中作主語)
* Canyou tell me whom you are waiting for?
(whom在賓語從句中作介詞for的賓語)
* Sheasked whose jacket it was.
(whose在賓語從句中作定語修飾jacket)
*Please tell me what you’ve done.
(what在賓語從句中作動詞done的賓語)
* Idon’t know whose that watch is.
(whose在賓語從句中作表語)
B. 連接副詞引導的賓語從句
連接副詞有：when,where, why和how。在賓語從句中擔任一定的句子成分，充當賓語從句中的狀語，表示時間、地點、原因或方式等。如：
* Doyou know when they’ll be back?
(when在賓語從句中作狀語，表示be back的時間)
* Iwant to know where she lives.
(where在賓語從句中作狀語，表示live的地點)
* MrZhang asked him why he was late for school again.
(why在賓語從句中作狀語，表示be late的原因)
*Please tell me how you did it.
(how在賓語從句中作狀語，表示do的方式)
此外，包含how的詞組也可以引導賓語從句，這種詞組在賓語從句中也擔任一定的句子成分，充當定語、表語等成分。如：
* Heasked how far it was to the post office.
(how far短語在賓語從句中作表語)
* Canyou tell me how old she is?
(how old短語在賓語從句中作表語)
* Iwant to know how much all these things are.
(how much短語在賓語從句中作表語)
*Nobody can tell how many people went to the park today.
(how many短語在賓語從句中作定語)
C. 用于連接由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句的動詞或動詞短語：
see,say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, remember, forget, find out, show, choose等。
D. 由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句的語序及時態(tài)
由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句本身為疑問語序轉(zhuǎn)變成賓語從句，要把語序調(diào)整為陳述語序。即：
主句+連接代詞/連接副詞+主語+謂語動詞+賓語+其它成分
這類賓語從句與主句之間的時態(tài)關(guān)系：
a. 如果主句用現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句根據(jù)自身時間狀語選擇事態(tài)
b. 如果主句用過去時，賓語從句用相應的過去時態(tài)。
如：
* Doyou know what day it is today?
* Canyou tell me when the train will leave?
* Iwant to know where the bus stop is.
*Could you tell how old your child is?
注意: 當連接代詞在賓語從句中充當主語時, 從句的語序不變。如：
* Idon’t know who took my dictionary.
* Iwonder what’s wrong with you.
*Could you tell me which is the way to the cinema?
E. 學習由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句應該注意的問題
當what, which, who(whom)等疑問代詞作賓語從句里介詞的賓語時，從句中的介詞不可隨意省略掉。如：
* 我不知道他們在找什么。
(誤) I don’t know what they are looking.
(正) I don’t know what they are looking for.
* 你能告訴我你們在談論誰嗎?
(誤) Can you tell me whom (who) you are talking?
(正) Can you tell me whom (who) you are talking about?
* 你知道她住在哪個房間嗎?
(誤) Do you know which room she lives?
(正) Do you know which room she lives in?
* 你知道他在聽什么音樂嗎?
(誤) Do you know what kind of music he is listening?
(正) Do you know what kind of music he is listening to?
Practice 2: 用適當?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞填空
1.Itworried her a bit __________ her hair was turning gray.
2.These photographs will show you __________ our village looks like.
3.The teacher explains __________ this means.
4.“Please explain __________ you’re so late,” his boss said.
5.We’ll have our picnic in the Summer Palace. You know __________ it is, don’tyou?
6. Even the small children knew __________ FatherChristmas got into their houses.
7. Shirley likes __________ Linda likes.
8. I don’t know __________ I should put it, on the floor or on thetable.
9. Her mother doesn't know __________ the train arrived.
10.Iappreciate it ______ you bring some water and food to us.
I appreciate it ______ he brought us so muchwater and food.
答案：
1.that 2.what 3.what 4.why 5.where 6.how 7.what 8.where 9.when 10.if; that
if和whether引導的從句
A. if和whether引導賓語從句
if和whether是從屬連詞，表示“是否”的意思，可引導賓語從句，在一般情況下可以互換。if多用于口語和非正式問題中，whether多用于比較正式的問題中。一般疑問句作賓語從句時往往要用if或whether來引導，同時疑問語序要調(diào)整為陳述語序，時態(tài)也要根據(jù)主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)作相應的調(diào)整。如：
* Idoubt whether / if he will succeed.
*Nobody knew whether / if we were going away right now.
*Let’s see if / whether we can find out some information
about that city.
B. 只能用whether引導從句的情況
下列幾種情況只能用whether不可用if引導。
a. 在帶to的不定式前。如：
* Wehaven’t decided whether to walk there or not.
*They don’t know whether to take part in the meeting or not.
b. 在介詞的后面。如：
* I’mthinking of whether we should go to see the film.
* I’mnot angry about whether he will pass the exam or not.
c. 直接與or not連用時。如：
* Ican’t say whether or not they can come on time.
* I’mnot sure whether or not his answer is correct.
d. 在動詞discuss后面的賓語從句中。如：
* Wediscussed whether we had a sports meeting next week.
e. 賓語從句提前時只能用whether。如：
*Whether the news is true or not, I don’t care.
f. 在句首引導主語從句或表語從句時。如：
*Whether he’ll come to see us is not important.
* Theproblem is whether he can get them to the top of the hill.
C. 只能用if引導從句的情況
a. if不僅可以引導賓語從句還可以引導條件狀語從句，此時只能用if而不能用whether。如：
* Thestudents will go on a picnic if it is sunny tomorrow.
b. 引導否定概念的賓語從句時一般用if而不用whether。如：
* Heasked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
c. 引導狀語從句even if (即使)和as if (好象)中的if不能用whether來替代。如：
*I’ll send for you even if you don’t come.
* Hetalks as if he has known all about it.
D. 賓語從句中時態(tài)不受主句時態(tài)影響的幾種情況：
1.當賓語從句表示的是科學真理、客觀事實、格言或其他不受時間限制、影響、客觀存在的事物時。如：
*Long long ago, people didn’t know that the earth moves
round the sun.
* Theteacher told her students that practice makes perfect.
2.當賓語從句用來解釋、表達科技內(nèi)容時。如：
* Ourteacher told us that the attraction of the earth for all bodies is calledgravity.
3.當賓語從句表達一種反復出現(xiàn)或目前習慣性動作時。如：
* Hesaid he takes a walk after supper every day.
4.當賓語從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作在轉(zhuǎn)述時仍在繼續(xù)，表示現(xiàn)在時刻仍存在的狀態(tài)時。如：
* Shetold me the other day that she is only eighteen.
* Hesaid that his father is attending a meeting in Beijing.
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