來源:網絡資源 2023-10-01 13:52:52
一. 過去將來時的含義
表示在過去某個時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時常用于賓語從句中。例如:
I didn’t know if he would come.
我不知道他是否會來。
They never knew that population would become a big problem.
他們從來都不知道人口問題將會成為一個大問題。
She didn’t tell me where she would go.
她沒有告訴我她要去哪兒。
Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.
貝蒂說下周六她要去參觀長城。
構成
Structure
過去將來時由“助動詞should(第一人稱)或would(第二、三人稱)+動詞原形”構成。在美國英語中,過去將來時的助動詞一律用“would+動詞原形”。
同一般將來時,把系動詞be變?yōu)檫^去式,把will,shall變?yōu)檫^去式。句型如下:
肯定句:主語+be(was,were)going to+動詞原形+其他
否定句:主語+be(was,were)not going to+動詞原形+其他
疑問句:Be(Was,Were)+主語+going to+動詞原形+其他
肯定句:主語+would(should)+動詞原形+其他
否定句:主語+would(should)not+動詞原形 +其他
疑問句:Would(Should)+主語+動詞原形+其他
二. 過去將來時的用法
(1)過去將來時(The Past Future tense)表示從過去的某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作。過去將來時的時間狀語有l(wèi)ater,soon,the next(day)等。在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中不可以使用過去將來時,而應該使用一般過去時。
如:
would pay
He promised that heme a lot if I helpedhimwith the project.
would sit down
他答應付給我許多錢如果我?guī)椭隳莻項目。Everytimewhenhewas free, heand readsome books.
每次只要他有空他就會坐下來看看書。
(2)表示純粹的將來時用would或should,表示打算或主觀認為的事情用was/weregoingto(+動詞原形)。
如:
would
She told me shebe 18 the next month.
她告訴我她下個月就18歲了。
was going to
Shetoldmethat shehave a walk with her pet dog.
她告訴我她打算帶她的寵物狗去散步。
1.“would+動詞原形”常表示主觀意愿的將來。例如:
He said he would come to see me.
他說他要來看我。
He told me he would go to Beijing.
他告訴我他將去北京。
2.“was/ were+going to+動詞原形”常表示按計劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。例如:
She said she was going to start off at once.
她說她將立即出發(fā)。
I was told that he was going to return home.
有人告訴我他準備回家。
此結構還可表示根據某種跡象來看,很可能或即將發(fā)生的事情。例如:
It seemed as if it was going to rain.
看來好像要下雨。
3. come, go, leave, arrive, start等瞬時動詞動詞可用過去進行時表示過去將來的含義。例如:
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
他說火車將于第二天早晨六點離開。
She told me she was coming to see me.
她告訴我她要來看我。
4. 條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中須用一般過去時代替過去將來時。例如:
The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.
老師說,如果我不努力學習的話,就很難取得進步。
常見考法
對于過去將來時的考查,多以單選、詞語運用的形式考查學生在具體語境中靈活運用時態(tài)的能力。在考試中,會讓大家判斷是否該用過去將來時,以及如何正確使用。過去將來時多用于賓語從句中。
典型例題1:He said he some cakes for me.but now he hasn't come bake yet.
A will buy B would buy C bought D buy
解析:從后句中“現在他還沒回來”可知是“他過去說他將要買蛋糕給我”,相對于他說話時,買蛋糕是將要發(fā)生的事情,所以用 過去將來時would buy.
答案:B
三. 過去將來時典型錯誤例析
1. 我們不知道他是否要在會上發(fā)言。
誤:We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.
正:We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.
析:該句主句為過去時,且賓語從句表示從過去某個時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作,所以從句要用過去將來時態(tài)。
2. 老師問湯姆長大后準備干什么。
誤:The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.
正:The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.
析:在時間狀語從句中,常用一般過去時表示在過去看來將要發(fā)生的動作。
3. 他們說如果下星期天不下雨他們就去農場。
誤:They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.
正:They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.
析:在條件狀語從句中,也常用一般過去時表示在過去看來將要發(fā)生的動作。
4. 王林打電話告訴她媽媽,她要買一些書。
誤:Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.
正:Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.
析:過去將來時可以由“助動詞should/would+動詞原形”構成,但should一般只用于第一人稱。而would可用于各種人稱。
誤區(qū)提醒
過去將來時是一個較為簡單的知識點,在初中階段,要牢記住它的構成以及用法“在賓語從句中,當主句是一般過去時,從句要表達將要發(fā)生的事情時,用過去將來時”,在考試中這一點經常出現。
典型例題1:She told us she (see) a movie with us if she was free.
解析:題干的意思是“她告訴我們,如果她有空,她將會和我們一起看電影”,“看電影”還沒發(fā)生,要用將來時,而主句told是一般過去時,賓語從句也要用過去時。所以用過去將來時。
答案:would see或was going to see
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