2024年初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)：過去完成時(shí)精講

過去完成時(shí)精講

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一. 過去完成時(shí)

1. 定義：表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

2. 構(gòu)成：had+過去分詞

注意：had是助動(dòng)詞

Soon I realized I had made a serious mistake.

我很快就意識(shí)到我犯了一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。

The man sitting beside me on the plane was very nervous. He had not flown before.

飛機(jī)上坐在我旁邊的人很緊張，他以前從沒乘過飛機(jī)。

Had he gone home when you arrived?

你到的時(shí)候他已經(jīng)回家了嗎?

(2)常用時(shí)間狀語：

1) by +過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)或句子;

2) before+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)或句子;

3) when+句子。

3. 用法及標(biāo)志性詞：

① 過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作。這個(gè)過去的時(shí)間常用by，before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 如：

I had finished my homework before supper.

我在晚飯前就把作業(yè)做完了。

The play had already started when we got to the theatre.

我們到劇場(chǎng)時(shí)戲已經(jīng)開始了。

By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients.

到六月底他們已經(jīng)治療了一萬多病人。

By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.

到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。

By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work.

到昨天早上5點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)，我們已經(jīng)做完了那件工作。

He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.

老師從辦公室回來時(shí)，他剛把教室打掃完。

They came earlier than we had expected.

他們到得比我們預(yù)料的要早。

I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.

我在進(jìn)大學(xué)之前就已學(xué)了5000個(gè)單詞。

It rained yesterday after it had been dry for manymonths.

旱了好幾個(gè)月之后，昨天下雨了。

注意：

① 在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因?yàn)閺木鋭?dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，可以用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。

The train (had) started before I reached the station.

在我到達(dá)車站之前，列車已經(jīng)開了。

After he(had)arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.

馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后，努力提高他的英語水平。

②過去完成時(shí)還可表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或還要持續(xù)下去，

常與for，since等詞連用。如：

He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.

他在部隊(duì)干了十年，去年退役了。

He told me that he had known her since he was a child.

他告訴我他從小就認(rèn)識(shí)她。

He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study.

他在去英國(guó)深造前，已學(xué)了八年英語。

I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.

當(dāng)車來的時(shí)候，我在車站已等了20分鐘。

He said he had worked in the factory since 1949.

他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。

John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.

約翰和簡(jiǎn)在結(jié)婚前就認(rèn)識(shí)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。

She said she had made much progress since she came here.

她說自從她到這兒后已取得了很大的進(jìn)步。

比較：

by the end of + 將來時(shí)間點(diǎn)，表示將來, 意為“,到...為止”.通常與一般將來時(shí)連用.如：

By the end of 2030, I will go to Hainan to spend my holiday.

到2030年底的時(shí)候, 我要去海南度假.

By the end of last month I had spent all my money

到上個(gè)月底時(shí)，我已經(jīng)花光了自己所有的錢。

③敘述過去發(fā)生的事情之后，反過來追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常使用過去完成時(shí)。如：

Tom flew home, but his father had already died.

湯姆乘飛機(jī)回家，他的父親卻已經(jīng)去世了。

Tom died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.

湯姆昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。

④在含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過去完成時(shí)。如：

I returned the book that I had borrowed.

我已歸還了我借的書。

She found the key that she had lost.

她丟失的鑰匙找到了。

⑤過去完成時(shí)用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中，這時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的過去的動(dòng)作之前。如：

He said that he had known her well.

他說他很熟悉她。

I thought I had sent the letter a week before.

我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。

4. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本……，未能……”。如：

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.

我們本希望你能來，但是你沒來。

The terrorists had planned to hijack the airplane, but they were arrested by the agents.

恐怖分子本打算要劫機(jī)，但是他們被情報(bào)人員逮捕了。(企圖失敗)

5. 過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：

① 過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)都可以和確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用，但意思有明顯區(qū)別。試比較：

He had finished his homework by eight.

他到八點(diǎn)鐘的時(shí)候已經(jīng)完成家庭作業(yè)了。

He finished his homework at eight.

他在八點(diǎn)鐘完成了家庭作業(yè)。

②用在賓語從句中，主句謂語為一般過去時(shí)的賓語從句中，既可用一般過去時(shí)，也可用過去完成時(shí)。但兩種時(shí)態(tài)的意義明顯不同。試比較：

He said he was a soldier.

他說他是位軍人。

He said he had been a soldier.

他說他曾當(dāng)過兵。

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