5. 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的常見詞語(yǔ)
能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的詞語(yǔ)很多，just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等，但常見的有：
1) since 自從
I have been there many times since the war.
We haven’t seen each other since last week.
We have been friends ever since.
2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在過去/最近…中
I’ve been ill for the past three weeks.
Great changes have take place in the last ten years.
I have been here (for) the last/past month.
3) so far 到目前為止
We haven’t had any trouble so far.
So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.
4) up to/until now 到現(xiàn)在為止
Up to now he’s been quiet.
Up to now, the work has been easy.
I have heard nothing from him up till now.
Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.
5) It is/will be the first/second … time that … 這是第一/二…次…
It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.
It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public.
It is the second time (that) I have met him today.
6) This is + 形容詞最高級(jí) + that … 這是最…
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別
1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系；
而一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過去，不涉及對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。如：
I have seen this film. （我已經(jīng)看過了這部電影）
I saw this film yesterday. （我是昨天看的這部電影）
2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等），或者干脆沒有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；
而一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（如yesterday, last night, …ago, in 1980, in February等）。
3) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)時(shí)一般使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（如live, teach, work, know等）；
而一般過去時(shí)常使用瞬間動(dòng)詞（如begin, buy, die, marry等）。如：
He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.
My grandfather bought the car five years ago.
7. 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)辨析
1) 考生容易把一些瞬間動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)，這是錯(cuò)誤的。如：
(×) He has died for two years. 他死了兩年了。
(√) He has been dead for two years.
(√) He died two years ago.
(×) The film has begun for 10 minutes. 電影開演十分鐘了。
(√) The film has been on for 10 minutes.
(√) The film began 10 minutes ago.
(×) She has married for three years. 她結(jié)婚有三年了。
(√) She has been married for three years.
(√) She married Mike three years ago.
2) 考生不懂如何區(qū)分have been to和have gone to，盡管兩者均可后接地點(diǎn)，但have been to表示去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了），have gone to表示到某地去了（現(xiàn)在還沒回來(lái)）。如：
She has been to Paris (three times).
She has gone to Paris.
7
過去完成時(shí)
標(biāo)志：had + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
1. 表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。如：
By the end of last week he had finished the work.
He had left when I arrived.
2. 表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：
We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.
The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.
3. 某些表意向的動(dòng)詞（如intend, think, plan, expect, hope等）的過去完成時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、希望、打算。如：
I had intended to visit you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
4. （虛擬語(yǔ)氣）在條件狀體從句或wish / would rather等后面的從句中，使用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的主觀愿望。如：
The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come.
I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.
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